Episodic retrieval and decaying inhibition in the competitor-rule suppression phenomenon

Hsieh, Shulan; Chang, Chi Chih; Meiran, Nachshon

doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2012.09.001

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…• The simultaneous implementation of two task sets causes interference ( Hsieh et al, 2012 ; Meiran et al, 2010 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This dual implementation during rule violations could explain the persisting influence of the original rule ( Pfister, Wirth, Schwarz, Steinhauser, & Kunde, 2016 ). However, implementing two task sets at once is difficult and might lead to interference ( Hsieh et al, 2012 ; Kuhns et al, 2007 ; Meiran et al, 2010 ), so one of the task sets is best inhibited before the next trial. But as the violation task set cannot stand on its own (the lower hierarchy level depends on the upper level), it is the violation task set that is actively inhibited after use, and a mandatory task switch back to the rule-based task set is triggered after violating a rule.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this mechanism would be detrimental here, as the task set for violations heavily relies on the task set for rule-based responses and is not necessarily meaningful on its own ( Hasson, Simmons, & Todorov, 2005 ). During violations, both task sets are likely held activated, which creates conflict between the two diverging representations ( Hsieh, Chang, & Meiran, 2012 ; Kuhns, Lien, & Ruthruff, 2007 ; Meiran, Hsieh, & Dimov, 2010 ). So afterwards, one of the task sets is likely to be inhibited again to resolve such ongoing conflict.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

This Is How To Be a Rule Breaker

Wirth

Foerster

Herbort

et al. 2018

ACP

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Violating rules comes with cognitive conflict for the rule-breaker. Here, we probed for means to reduce the behavioral effects of this conflict by studying the combined impact of recency and frequency of rule violations. We found that violating a rule facilitated the initiation of a subsequent rule violation, while notable costs relative to rule-based responding remained in measures of response execution. Such costs during response execution vanished, however, when frequency and recency of rule violation worked in concert. That is, it is possible to overcome the costs of rule violation when (a) having violated this particular rule frequently and (b) having violated this particular rule very recently. Moreover, we demonstrated that recent rule violations reduce the costs of cognitive conflict in an unrelated interference task (Simon task). Based on these findings, we present a revised model of the cognitive processes underlying deliberate rule violations.

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“…• The simultaneous implementation of two task sets causes interference ( Hsieh et al, 2012 ; Meiran et al, 2010 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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This Is How To Be a Rule Breaker

Wirth

Foerster

Herbort

et al. 2018

ACP

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show abstract

“…CRS refers to suppression of mental-sets which implicate a response that competes with the correct or currently relevant response (for example, suppressing self-critical thoughts of giving up rather than staying focused on a difficult task). CRS specifically counters “troublemaking” irrelevant mental-sets by tagging them in episodic memory as “to-be-suppressed” [ 21 ], thus facilitating adherence to current task demands. CRS is measured within a task-switching paradigm [ 22 , 23 ], in which the context and task requirements are in constant flux.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depressed individuals improves suppression of irrelevant mental-sets

Greenberg

Shapero

Mischoulon

et al. 2016

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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An impaired ability to suppress currently irrelevant mental-sets is a key cognitive deficit in depression. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) was specifically designed to help depressed individuals avoid getting caught in such irrelevant mental-sets. In the current study, a group assigned to MBCT plus treatment-as-usual (n = 22) exhibited significantly lower depression scores and greater improvements in irrelevant mental-set suppression compared to a wait-list plus treatment-as-usual (n = 18) group. Improvements in mental-set-suppression were associated with improvements in depression scores. Results provide the first evidence that MBCT can improve suppression of irrelevant mental-sets and that such improvements are associated with depressive alleviation.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00406-016-0746-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Thus, CRS is computed by comparing performance (RT and accuracy) on trials in which the current task rule was a competing task rule in the previous trial with all other trial types, in which the current task rule was not the competing one in the previous trial (including trials in which another rule was competing). A recent study by Hsieh et al (2012) demonstrated that CRS is not primarily accounted for by residual active inhibition of competing rules. Instead, it seems to mostly reflect the tagging of currently conflicting rules as rules that should not be processed when storing the processing episode in memory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Off with the Old”: Mindfulness Practice Improves Backward Inhibition

Greenberg¹,

Reiner²,

Meiran³

2013

Front. Psychology

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Mindfulness practice has been linked to reduced depressive rumination and described as involving inhibition of information that has been relevant in the past and is no longer relevant in the present moment. Backward inhibition (BI) is considered to be one of the purest measures of task set inhibition, and impaired BI has been linked to depressive rumination. BI was contrasted with Competitor Rule Suppression (CRS), which is another phenomenon observed in task switching, yet one which involves episodic memory tagging of information that is currently conflicting rather than active inhibition. Although similar at baseline level, a randomly assigned group (n = 38) who underwent an eight session mindfulness training program exhibited improved BI but not CRS compared to a waiting list group (n = 38). Findings indicate that mindfulness improves the specific component of task set inhibition, which has previously been linked to reduced rumination. Implications regarding the potential role of task set inhibition in mediating between mindfulness and reduced rumination, as well as the role of mindfulness in “being in the present moment” are discussed.

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Episodic retrieval and decaying inhibition in the competitor-rule suppression phenomenon

Cited by 11 publications

References 30 publications

This Is How To Be a Rule Breaker

This Is How To Be a Rule Breaker

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depressed individuals improves suppression of irrelevant mental-sets

“Off with the Old”: Mindfulness Practice Improves Backward Inhibition

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