Epistatic interactions between pterin and carotenoid genes modulate intra‐morph color variation in a lizard

Aguilar, Prem; Andrade, Pedro; Lanuza, Guillem Pérez i de

doi:10.1111/1749-4877.12570

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…However, it should be noted that, since the alleles that are associated with orange and yellow pigmentation have a recessive mode of inheritance, it is possible that some populations still retain this variation at very low levels. Furthermore, the presence of the yellow carotenoid‐based colouration can also be masked by orange pterins in the skin (Aguilar, Andrade, & Pérez i de Lanuza, 2022; Andrade et al., 2019), which could lead to underestimating the frequency of the ‘ y ’ allele. Supporting this, all populations included at least a few yellow and/or yellow‐orange individuals, thus evidencing the persistence of the ‘ y ’ allele, even if at low frequencies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the yellow locus, however, we cannot calculate the allelic frequencies as above, because orange colouration is epistatic over yellow (Aguilar, Andrade, & Pérez i de Lanuza, 2022; Andrade et al., 2019). Thus, a portion of the orange morph individuals would also carry one or two copies of the recessive allele at the yellow locus.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Curlis et al., 2021; Runemark et al., 2010), using the R package ‘hierfstat’ version 0.11.5 (Goudet, 2005). Then, guided by the available information on the genetic basis of colouration in P. muralis —the alleles that explain the deposition of orange and yellow pigments are recessive towards the non‐coloured alleles at the SPR and BCO2 loci, and orange is epistatic over yellow (Aguilar, Andrade, & Pérez i de Lanuza, 2022; Andrade et al., 2019)—we estimated the allelic frequencies of the orange and yellow loci. We did this employing the colour morph frequencies recorded in the field (see Table S1), assuming these two loci were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (e.g.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of historical biogeography in shaping colour morph diversity in the common wall lizard

Aguilar,

Pérez i de Lanuza,

Carneiro

et al. 2024

Molecular Ecology

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The maintenance of polymorphisms often depends on multiple selective forces, but less is known on the role of stochastic or historical processes in maintaining variation. The common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis) is a colour polymorphic species in which local colour morph frequencies are thought to be modulated by natural and sexual selection. Here, we used genome‐wide single‐nucleotide polymorphism data to investigate the relationships between morph composition and population biogeography at a regional scale, by comparing morph composition with patterns of genetic variation of 54 populations sampled across the Pyrenees. We found that genetic divergence was explained by geographic distance but not by environmental features. Differences in morph composition were associated with genetic and environmental differentiation, as well as differences in sex ratio. Thus, variation in colour morph frequencies could have arisen via historical events and/or differences in the permeability to gene flow, possibly shaped by the complex topography and environment. In agreement with this hypothesis, colour morph diversity was positively correlated with genetic diversity and rates of gene flow and inversely correlated with the likelihood of the occurrence of bottlenecks. Concurrently, we did not find conclusive evidence for selection in the two colour loci. As an illustration of these effects, we observed that populations with higher proportions of the rarer yellow and yellow‐orange morphs had higher genetic diversity. Our results suggest that processes involving a decay in overall genetic diversity, such as reduced gene flow and/or bottleneck events have an important role in shaping population‐specific morph composition via non‐selective processes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of historical biogeography in shaping colour morph diversity in the common wall lizard

Aguilar,

Pérez i de Lanuza,

Carneiro

et al. 2024

Molecular Ecology

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“…For example, our study shows a negative effect of a road on the nearby habitat and its influence on the expression of the sexual coloration in lizards that suffered an additional stress stimulus (translocation). Moreover, recent research showed that epistatic interactions between pteridine and carotenoid regulatory genes influence colour patch expression in lacertids (Aguilar et al 2022). Therefore, as phenotypic traits result from the interaction between genotype and environment, whether the differential expression of male sexual coloration between the two lineages of P. algirus is influenced by the environment guarantees further investigation.…”

Section: Further Implications and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal effects of habitat quality, body condition, and parasites on colour patches of a multiornamented lizard

Megía‐Palma

Merino

Barrientos

2022

Behav Ecol Sociobiol

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Ontogeny is expected to be a determinant factor affecting production of colour patches in lizards, while immune challenges or sudden weight loss may impair the maintenance of pigment-based coloration within a breeding season. We translocated males of the lizard Psammodromus algirus between two sampling plots that differed in distance to a road, vegetation structure, and predator abundance. We analysed variation in spectral reflectance of their colour patches the same and the following year. The change in the reflectance of the lizard colour patches within the first breeding season was explained by the interaction between plot and treatment, but not body condition. The maintenance of the breeding coloration was impaired only in those males translocated close to the road, probably reflecting that it is a poor-quality habitat for P. algirus. The following year, lizards that produced a more elaborate coloration were those that increased their body condition and controlled some parasitic infections, although suffered an increase of others. This study shows that colour patch production is plastic in P. algirus. Lizards increasing parasites or losing weight reduced pigmentation, although habitat quality can cushion these negative effects on pigmentation. However, not all parasites constrain the investment in coloration. In fact, some increased in those lizards that allocated more pigments to colour patches. In conclusion, longitudinal studies following experimental manipulation can contribute to understand pigment allocation rules in lizards. Significance statement Pigments involved in colour patches of animals are limiting resources that can be reallocated off the skin to other functions. However, longitudinal evidence of this phenomenon is scarce in reptiles. We designed a manipulative mark-recapture experiment to investigate effects of habitat and parasitic infections on colour patch maintenance (within-year variation) and production (between-year variation) in male free-ranging lizards that were reciprocally translocated between two patches of habitat that differed in quality. During the first year, lizards translocated to the habitat with more predators and worse vegetation impoverished their coloration, while lizards translocated to the more favourable habitat maintained it despite all translocated lizards loose body condition. The next year we detected different effects on the coloration of three different parasites investigated, suggesting that coloration can reflect the virulence of the infections.

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“…Finally, colour alleles may counterbalance the build-up of population structure by acting as genomic bridges between morphs (Comeault et al, 2015). In fact, white individuals can carry orange (o) and yellow alleles (y) in heterozygosity, while orange lizards can present every genotype at the yellow locus (YY, Yy or yy); thus, offspring of P. muralis will not always express the same phenotype as their parents (Abalos et al, 2022;Aguilar et al, 2022;Andrade et al, 2019). Mosaic morphs (i.e., whiteorange and yellow-orange) may also facilitate gene flow between colour morphs, but further work is needed to understand their basis and role in the maintenance of colour morphs of P. muralis.…”

Section: Genomic Differentiation Between Individuals Analysed In Thismentioning

confidence: 99%

No genomic repercussions of assortative pairing in a colour polymorphic lizard

Aguilar

Andrade

Afonso

et al. 2022

J of Evolutionary Biology

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Long‐term maintenance of colour polymorphisms often depends on the interplay of multiple selective forces. In the common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis), up to three pure and two mosaic ventral colour morphs co‐exist across most of its range. Available evidence suggests that colour morphs in this species are maintained through the interaction between sexual and environment‐dependent selection. In particular, colour‐assortative pairing has been recorded, suggesting some degree of assortative mating. Here, we combined reduced‐representation sequencing (ddRADseq) and fine‐scale distribution data to explore the effects of assortative pairing on the common wall lizard. Overall, our results do not support any population structure (FST = 0 and K = 1) nor a significant effect of colour morph or geographic location on genomic differentiation. Therefore, we argue that assortative pairing may not fully translate into assortative mating and genomic differentiation between colour morphs and discuss possible explanations. Nonetheless, we find potential support for an elevated population size and/or source‐sink dynamics and debate the potential contribution of other forms of selection to the maintenance of colour polymorphisms in lacertids.

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Epistatic interactions between pterin and carotenoid genes modulate intra‐morph color variation in a lizard

Cited by 7 publications

References 59 publications

The role of historical biogeography in shaping colour morph diversity in the common wall lizard

The role of historical biogeography in shaping colour morph diversity in the common wall lizard

Longitudinal effects of habitat quality, body condition, and parasites on colour patches of a multiornamented lizard

No genomic repercussions of assortative pairing in a colour polymorphic lizard

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