Epistatic Interactions Can Lower the Cost of Resistance to Multiple Consumers

Bohannan, B. J. M.; Travisano, Michael; Lenski, Richard E.

doi:10.2307/2640942

Cited by 44 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…S1). This result indicates that resistance to phages comes at a fitness cost (40)(41)(42)(43)(44), because no bottlenecking could have occurred, given that ca. 10 8 bacterial cells were introduced to fresh microcosms at each serial transfer.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Contrasted coevolutionary dynamics between a bacterial pathogen and its bacteriophages

Betts

Kaltz

Hochberg

2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

101

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Significance Scientists have long debated the dynamic form of perpetual reciprocal adaptations, or coevolution, between hosts and their parasites. The two main types of antagonistic coevolution described to date are arms race dynamics, in which interaction traits escalate through time, and fluctuating selection dynamics, in which traits cycle through time. We used experimental evolution between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and a panel of its lytic phages and found the full known range of coevolutionary dynamics. We argue that the coevolutionary pattern is determined by whether phages typically adsorb directly to receptors on the bacterial outer membrane or instead use retractable type IV pili as a primary or alternative site. Our results have applications in the use of phages as therapeutics or disinfectants to control bacterial pathogens.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Contrasted coevolutionary dynamics between a bacterial pathogen and its bacteriophages

Betts

Kaltz

Hochberg

2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

101

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In E. coli, for example, mutations that confer resistance to virulent lambda phage usually modify the LamB protein (Szmelcman and Hofnung, 1975), which is involved in the uptake of maltose and trehalose, but not glucose (Travisano and Lenski, 1996). Thus, the COR to virulent lambda phage is dependent upon whether it is supplied with glucose or trehalose (Bohannan et al, 1999). We tested the hypothesis that the COR in Synechococcus would be greater under reduced phosphorus concentrations, since phosphorus limitation has been implicated in viral infection dynamics (Wilson et al, 1996).…”

Section: Detecting a Cor In Synechococcusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For lytic viruses, resistance is often conferred through the loss or configuration change of a receptor molecule on the bacterial cell surface, which interferes with attachment of a virus to its host (Inoue et al, 1995;Bohannan and Lenski, 2000). Such mutations often translate into a fitness cost via reduced rates of resource uptake (Bohannan et al, 1999). The magnitude of this cost of resistance (COR) reflects the host's genotype and its environment (Bohannan et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is there a cost of virus resistance in marine cyanobacteria?

et al. 2007

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Owing to their abundance and diversity, it is generally perceived that viruses are important for structuring microbial communities and regulating biogeochemical cycles. The ecological impact of viruses on microbial food webs, however, may be influenced by evolutionary processes, including the ability of bacteria to evolve resistance to viruses and the theoretical prediction that this resistance should be accompanied by a fitness cost. We conducted experiments using phylogenetically distinct strains of marine Synechococcus (Cyanobacteria) to test for a cost of resistance (COR) to viral isolates collected from Mount Hope Bay, Rhode Island. In addition, we examined whether fitness costs (1) increased proportionally with ‘total resistance’, the number of viruses for which a strain had evolved resistance, or (2) were determined more by ‘compositional resistance’, the identity of the viruses to which it evolved resistance. A COR was only found in half of our experiments, which may be attributed to compensatory mutations or the inability to detect a small COR. When detected, the COR resulted in a ∼20% reduction in relative fitness compared to ancestral strains. The COR was unaffected by total resistance, suggesting a pleiotropic fitness response. Under competitive conditions, however, the COR was dependent on compositional resistance, suggesting that fitness costs were associated with the identity of a few particular viruses. Our study provides the first evidence for a COR in marine bacteria, and suggests that Synechococcus production may be influenced by the composition of co-occurring viruses.

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“…As an alternative to the studies of random mutations, Elena & Lenski (1997) inserted genetic markers into defined positions of the E. coli genome. Bohannan et al (1999) studied interactions between mutations conferring resistance of E. coli clones to bacteriophages. In yet another study, de Visser et al (1997 b) focused on existing chromosomal markers in Aspergillus.…”

Section: (Iii) Epistasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Small fitness effects and weak genetic interactions between deleterious mutations in heterozygous loci of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

et al. 2003

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SummaryRare, random mutations were induced in budding yeast by ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). Clones known to bear a single non-neutral mutation were used to obtain mutant heterozygotes and mutant homozygotes that were later compared with wild-type homozygotes. The average homozygous effect of mutation was an approximately 2% decrease in the growth rate. In heterozygotes, the harmful effect of these relatively mild mutations was reduced approximately fivefold. In a test of epistasis, two heterozygous mutant loci were paired at random. Fitness of the double mutants was best explained by multiplicative action of effects at single loci, with little evidence for epistasis and essentially excluding synergism. In other experiments, the same mutations in haploid and heterozygous diploid clones were compared. Regardless of the haploid phenotypes, mildly deleterious or lethal, fitness of the heterozygotes was decreased by less than half a per cent on average. In general, the results presented here suggest that most mutations tend to exhibit small and weakly interacting effects in heterozygous loci regardless of how harmful they are in haploids or homozygotes.

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Epistatic Interactions Can Lower the Cost of Resistance to Multiple Consumers

Cited by 44 publications

References 20 publications

Contrasted coevolutionary dynamics between a bacterial pathogen and its bacteriophages

Contrasted coevolutionary dynamics between a bacterial pathogen and its bacteriophages

Is there a cost of virus resistance in marine cyanobacteria?

Small fitness effects and weak genetic interactions between deleterious mutations in heterozygous loci of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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