“…Kornblith, 2012), many recognize that people are capable of higher-order thinking and reasoning, attentiveness, self-monitoring, and self-reflection, and applying some criteria to knowledge acquisition, understanding, and belief justification (Heikkila ët al., 2020;Olson, 2015;Reed, 2001;Riggs, 2010;Sosa, 2014Sosa, , 2015Tollefsen, 2006;Zagzebski, 2013). Epistemic agency involves "epistemic deliberation" or the consideration of evidence, methods, and interpretive heuristics, which themselves rely on information behaviors (Fernandez, 2013;Heikkila ¨et al, 2020;Sullivan, 2019). The selection of and participation in information-seeking and epistemicdeliberation activities confers attributability and responsibility on the epistemic agent (Fernandez, 2013).…”