Epistemic Internalism

Abstract

The internalism ⁄ externalism debate is of interest in epistemology since it addresses one of the most fundamental questions in the discipline: what is the basic nature of knowledge and epistemic justification? It is generally held that if a positive epistemic status obtains, this is not a brute fact. Rather if a belief is, for example, justified, it is justified in virtue of some further condition(s) obtaining. What has been called epistemic internalism holds, as the label suggests, is that all the relevant factors that determine justification must be 'internal' (in a sense that needs to be specified). Epistemic externalism is the denial of internalism. Epistemic internalism about justification is the subject of this article. After introducing the central intuitive considerations that have tended to motivate internalism, this paper will explore different ways of construing the internalist position (or family of positions). In addition to classical formulations, more recent formulations will be discussed, concluding with a discussion of an emerging position known as 'Epistemological Disjunctivism', which its advocates claim preserves the most important features of more traditional forms of internalism, while avoiding their difficulties. Epistemological Disjunctivism is particularly worthy of attention since if true, it promises to bridge internalist and externalist epistemologies, bringing a rapprochement to two sides of what may otherwise appear a deep and intractable debate about the fundamental nature of epistemology.

O que é preciso para ser um externista em epistemologia?

“…11 Como nosso foco não será o internismo, deixaremos de lado a discussão entre acessibilistas e mentalistas e sobre o mentalismo ser de fato um tipo de internismo, cf. Madison (2010). Bergmann (2006, cap.3) argumenta que o mentalismo não é um tipo de internismo (e que também não seria um tipo de externismo), algo incompatível com o que estamos assumindo, mas por limitações de propósito e de espaço não discutiremos os argumentos de Bergmann.…”

Dysjunktywizm i natura percepcyjnej relacji

“…Z kolei eksternalizm wiąże się z reliabilizmem, według którego przekonanie jest uzasadnione wtedy, gdy zostało sformułowane zgodnie ze sprawdzoną procedurą (tzn. taką, która w większości przypadków prowadzi do prawdziwych przekonań) (Madison, 2010;zob. też Pryor, 2001, s. 103-109) 17 .…”

Epistemological Disjunctivism and the Value of Presence

“…that there is not a single account to be given of the epistemic value of "good" and "bad" experiences. I turn to disjunctivism's negative claim in §4 below.6For versions of the objection, seeSilins (2005),Madison (2010),Dennis (2014) and Soteriou (2016).7See for examplePritchard (2008Pritchard ( , 2011Pritchard ( , 2012.…”