Epistemic network analysis of students' longer written assignments as formative/summative evaluation

Exploring MOOC User Behaviors Beyond Platforms

“…Based on those and convergent by the data, we define ENA was conducted to identify if there are behavioral similarities between extreme users and novice users. The ENA tool [1] was used where its algorithm uses a moving window to construct a network model for each line in the data, showing how codes in the current line are connected to codes that occur within the recent temporal context [15], defined as 1 lines (each line plus the previous lines) within a given conversation. The resulting networks are aggregated for all lines for each unit of analysis in the model.…”

A Systematic Literature Review of Empirical Research on Epistemic Network Analysis in Education

“…Finally, 10 articles (13.2%) were coded based on diverse coding schemes, for example, eye movements [95], [96], diagnostic activities [97], [98], written assignments [25], [99], and coding of online postings [100], [101].…”

“…All 76 reviewed articles included comparisons that can be grouped into one of eight categories (Figure 5). In 23 articles (30.3 %), the comparison was across levels of participants' performance, for example, high vs. low performers [19], [23], [25], [50], [74], [76], [86], student competency level [69], [102], quality of ideas [46], [73], learning outcomes [80], [83] , positive vs. negative gain [82], proficiency level [68], accuracy level [96] and correct graph solving [95].…”

“…The deductive coding was used in 32 (42.1%) articles with a top-down approach based on codes derived from previous research. Another 25 (32.9%) articles used inductive coding in a bottom-up approach that was generated from the data with no predefined coding framework using, for example, the grounded theory approach [21], [25], [45], [49], [51], [54], [60], [61], [64], [68], [69], [101], [102]. The third type of coding, which was reported in 19 articles (25%), used a combination of coding methods.…”

“…Comparison across groups is a common technique to determine how groups differ in their collaboration, thinking, and strategies or approach to learning [24]. Many studies have compared student activities, such as students' collaboration using chat data [15], interactions using online discussions [23], performance in online assignments [25] and students' progress [26] A scoping review released in 2021 offered a brief overview of papers that studied quantitative ethnography (QE) [4]. Whereas the scoping review addressed the main threads of research, several issues require examination regarding the analysis of research methods, for example, the application of ENA in different educational levels and specialties, the use of educational theories, comparison across groups, and the implication of ENA use in interpretating educational context as well as research findings, for example, impact and contributions.…”