Epistemic trust and personality functioning mediate the association between adverse childhood experiences and posttraumatic stress disorder and complex posttraumatic stress disorder in adulthood

Kampling, Hanna; Kruse, Johannes; Lampe, Astrid; Nolte, Tobias; Hettich, Nora; Brähler, Elmar; Sachser, Cedric; Fegert, Jörg M.; Gingelmaier, Stephan; Fonagy, Peter; Krakau, Lina; Zara, Sandra; Riedl, David

doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.919191

Cited by 42 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…In their longitudinal twin study on 2,200 children, the authors found lower mentalizing capacities in individuals who had experienced problems in peer relationships, especially after becoming a victim of bullying, acting as a bully, or switching between a bully and a victim role. Epistemic disruption has furthermore been shown to partially mediate the relationship between maltreatment and PTSD as well as complex PTSD symptomatology [ 6 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A constantly growing body of evidence has documented the detrimental effect of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) on physical and mental health in adulthood [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Typically, ACEs include various types of physical and/or emotional ill-treatment, sexual abuse, neglect, and commercial or other exploitation experienced by children under 18 years of age [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gender-Specific Significance of Peer Abuse during Childhood and Adolescence on Physical and Mental Health in Adulthood—Results from a Cross-Sectional Study in a Sample of Hospital Patients

Lampe

Nolte

Schmid

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Peer abuse (PA) is a widespread and gender-sensitive form of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs). However, research on its influence on physical and mental health in adulthood remains scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate gender-specific associations between PA and physical and mental health in adulthood in a sample of general hospital patients. A cross-sectional study at the University Hospital of Innsbruck was conducted. Data on ACEs, physical and mental health were collected using self-report questionnaires. We compared patients with no ACEs, PA only, ACEs without PA, and ACEs with PA using gender-specific binary logistic regressions to investigate the association of PA with physical and mental health. A total of 2,392 patients were included in the analyses. Women reported more emotional PA (13.1% vs. 9.4%; p = 0.006), while men reported more physical PA (8.3% vs. 5.2%; p = 0.003). PA was associated with a higher likelihood for depression (OR = 2.6), somatization (OR = 2.1), as well as worse physical health (OR = 2.1) in women but not in men. This study is the first to present data on the gender-specific detrimental effect of PA on physical and mental health in adulthood. Especially for women, PA poses a significant health risk. Thus, we should be aware of these effects and offer adequate support for affected individuals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender-Specific Significance of Peer Abuse during Childhood and Adolescence on Physical and Mental Health in Adulthood—Results from a Cross-Sectional Study in a Sample of Hospital Patients

Lampe

Nolte

Schmid

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…This constant state of strong suspiciousness toward others is the core of borderline psychopathology (Fonagy et al, 2015). Although there is still little research on ET development, some evidence supports this perspective (Campbell et al, 2021;Kampling et al, 2022). Both Corriveau and Colleagues (2009) and Venta (2020) empirically investigated the role of attachment on the possibility of the child accepting incoming socially transmitted knowledge.…”

Section: From Epistemic Vigilance To Epistemic Trust: How Does Et Dev...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ET is a recent concept, and to our knowledge, only a few studies have operationalized the concept beyond clinical reflection (Campbell et al, 2021;Fonagy & Allison, 2014;Kampling et al, 2022;Orme et al, 2019;) and explored its influence on the quality of interpersonal exchanges. Also, some authors tried to develop specific measurements for this construct, such as the Epistemic Trust Assessment (Schröder-Pfeifer et al, 2018 and the Epistemic Trust Mistrust Credulity Questionnaire (Campbell et al, 2021).…”

Section: From Epistemic To Interpersonal Trustmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Can I Trust You? The Role of Facial Trustworthiness in the Development of Epistemic and Interpersonal Trust

Milesi¹,

Carli²,

Locati³

et al. 2023

Human Development

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Recently, researchers from developmental and clinical psychology highlighted epistemic trust (ET) as a key factor for personality disorders. ET is intended as the mental openness to information coming from others during social exchanges. ET develops from signals called ostensive cues, delivered through facial expressions during interactions in a secure attachment context. Similarly interpersonal trust (IT) refers to the perception of others as not harmful, which is also developed through secure attachment relationships. Our purpose is to suggest a conceptualization of ET as a specific facet of IT. We hypothesize that positive experiences of caregiving promote IT development that includes a specific sense of trust toward others’ knowledge. Moreover, we suggest that the early ability to infer a judgment of trustworthiness from facial cues is the starting point for developing both IT and ET. This conceptualization supports the role of considering both IT and ET in the development of borderline pathology.

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“…University students must continuously evaluate the credibility of information from various sources to make informed decisions and succeed academically. Building epistemic trust enables students to engage critically with academic materials, seek guidance from fellow students and mentors and participate actively in classroom discussions (Campbell et al, 2021;Kampling et al, 2022;Riedl et al, 2023). A welldeveloped sense of epistemic trust is a prerequisite for a supportive learning environment, encouraging knowledge sharing and cooperative learning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

To be a freshman during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A cross‐lagged model of depression, mentalizing, and epistemic trust

De Coninck,

Matthijs,

Van Bavel

et al. 2023

Personality & Mental Health

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Research has shown that severity of depression increased in freshmen during their first months at university due to increased social and academic pressures. Since the start of the COVID‐19 pandemic, several cross‐sectional studies have suggested that levels of depression in university students are higher than before the pandemic, but longitudinal data are largely lacking. This study investigated severity of depression and negative affect linked to the pandemic among freshmen during their first semester at a large university in Flanders, Belgium. We also investigated whether epistemic trust predicted severity of depression and pandemic‐related negative affect and whether problems with reflective functioning (or mentalizing) mediated these relations. Participants in this two‐wave prospective study were 289 first‐year students of the Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences of a large Belgian university. We conducted paired samples t‐tests and cross‐panel analysis to answer the research question. The number of students at risk of clinical depression increased by 41% between T1 (early October 2020) and T2 (late December 2020). Epistemic mistrust at T1 was prospectively associated with an increase in the prevalence and severity of depression at T2. Problems with mentalizing and negative COVID‐19‐related affect were positively associated with severity of depression at T2 and mediated the association between epistemic mistrust and severity of depression at T2. The findings highlight the key role of epistemic trust in the development of depression among freshmen, with the COVID‐19 pandemic presenting an additional source of uncertainty.

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Epistemic trust and personality functioning mediate the association between adverse childhood experiences and posttraumatic stress disorder and complex posttraumatic stress disorder in adulthood

Cited by 42 publications

References 60 publications

Gender-Specific Significance of Peer Abuse during Childhood and Adolescence on Physical and Mental Health in Adulthood—Results from a Cross-Sectional Study in a Sample of Hospital Patients

Gender-Specific Significance of Peer Abuse during Childhood and Adolescence on Physical and Mental Health in Adulthood—Results from a Cross-Sectional Study in a Sample of Hospital Patients

How Can I Trust You? The Role of Facial Trustworthiness in the Development of Epistemic and Interpersonal Trust

To be a freshman during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A cross‐lagged model of depression, mentalizing, and epistemic trust

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