Epistemologies of evidence-based medicine: a plea for corpus-based conceptual research in the medical humanities

Buts, Jan; Baker, Mona; Luz, Saturnino; Engebretsen, Eivind

doi:10.1007/s11019-021-10027-2

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Beneath more radical approaches that call for a new form of epistemology in medicine, such as the ‘situated epistemology’ approach, 19‐21 the post‐normal science concept, 22,23 or the integration and implementation science concept 24,25 and other approaches, 26 there are at least two ‘softer’ approaches currently discussed to prepare EbM for future challenges: (1) the organic turn approach 1 and (2) the EbM+ approach 27‐30 . Within the first approach, many scholars and institutions of EbM have delivered solutions to adapt EbM to a fast‐changing world, mainly by accelerating the evidence‐producing and ‐reviewing process by making the EbM process less formal and more agile (e.g., rapid reviews and living guidelines) and accepting mathematical modelling as another method for gaining knowledge 2,31‐36 .…”

Section: Ebm+theory: Integrating Empirical and Theoretical Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing uncertainty in evidence‐based health policy by integrating empirical and theoretical evidence: An EbM+theory approach

Pfaff

Schmitt

2023

Evaluation Clinical Practice

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BackgroundTo reduce their decisional uncertainty, health policy decision‐makers rely more often on experts or their intuition than on evidence‐based knowledge, especially in times of urgency. However, this practice is unacceptable from an evidence‐based medicine (EbM) perspective. Therefore, in fast‐changing and complex situations, we need an approach that delivers recommendations that serve decision‐makers' needs for urgent, sound and uncertainty‐reducing decisions based on the principles of EbM.AimsThe aim of this paper is to propose an approach that serves this need by enriching EbM with theory.Materials and MethodsWe call this the EbM+theory approach, which integrates empirical and theoretical evidence in a context‐sensitive way to reduce intervention and implementation uncertainty.ResultsWithin this framework, we propose two distinct roadmaps to decrease intervention and implementation uncertainty: one for simple and the other for complex interventions. As part of the roadmap, we present a three‐step approach: applying theory (step 1), conducting mechanistic studies (EbM+; step 2) and conducting experiments (EbM; step 3).DiscussionThis paper is a plea for integrating empirical and theoretical knowledge by combining EbM, EbM+ and theoretical knowledge in a common procedural framework that allows flexibility even in dynamic times. A further aim is to stimulate a discussion on using theories in health sciences, health policy, and implementation.ConclusionThe main implications are that scientists and health politicians – the two main target groups of this paper—should receive more training in theoretical thinking; moreover, regulatory agencies like NICE may think about the usefulness of integrating elements of the EbM+theory approach into their considerations.

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Section: Ebm+theory: Integrating Empirical and Theoretical Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing uncertainty in evidence‐based health policy by integrating empirical and theoretical evidence: An EbM+theory approach

Pfaff

Schmitt

2023

Evaluation Clinical Practice

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“…Recurrent phrases in the form of patterns are likely to serve various attitudinal or evaluative functions (cf. Buts et al, 2021) and these collocational patterns can be ideological in nature or at least project certain versions of reality and truth discursively.…”

Section: Collocational Patterns Relating To Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concordancing DEVELOP* at the Interpreter-mediated Press Conferences

2022

LANS-TTS

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Thanks to the pragmatist Reform and Opening-up (RoU) program initiated by Deng Xiaoping in 1978, China, the largest developing country, has witnessed decades of sustained development and is poised to overtake the United States as the largest economy in the world. RoU is a major watershed in China’s recent history, signaling the beginning of China’s rapid economic development and meteoric rise over the past few decades in the global arena. The broader RoU discourse represents an important overarching metadiscourse, legitimizing China’s miscellaneous developments and policies, economic system, style of governance, and stances for the entire post-1978 period. In particular, ‘development’ is an operative word for and a key component of the RoU, which also constitutes a central and recurring theme throughout the interpreter-mediated premier-meets-the-press conferences in China. Development studies represents a growing and interdisciplinary research area. However, it is rarely explored from a discursive perspective in political interpreting, despite the vital mediating role of interpreters. To bridge this gap, framed within the broader trends of interdisciplinary research and digital humanities, the pragmatist mixed-methods approach of corpus-based critical discourse analysis is applied to the premier-meets-the-press data (1998–2017) to explore the government-affiliated interpreters’ agency and (re)construction of China’s ‘development’ discourse over one-fifth of a century. The study reveals the interpreters’ institutional (over)alignment and frequent strengthening of Beijing’s development discourse in English at different levels using various discursive means. Discursively, this established the interpreters’ role and text ownership in (re)shaping reality, further facilitating China’s development, (re)constructing and disseminating sociopolitical knowledge, and possibly even effecting changes and transformations to the East–West power differentials as vital (re)tellers of the Chinese story. Looking beyond the traditional view of interpreting as a more static and mechanical process in a semi-closed and self-contained system, this article discusses the vital role interpreting plays from a historical, communication, geopolitical and development perspective.

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“…In many academic fields, corpus analysis is central to the study of texts. Computational tools have long been used for lexicography, corpus linguistics, and corpus-based translation studies [1]- [3], and new methods motivated by such tools have been more broadly applied to the study of policy in areas such as medicine [4] and politics [5]. One of the most popular techniques supported by computation is the indexing, retrieval and display of keyword-in-context.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Task-based Quantitative Evaluation of the Concordance Mosaic Visualization

Sheehan

Masoodian

Luz

2022

2022 26th International Conference Information Visualisation (IV)

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Researchers working in areas such as lexicography, translation studies, and computational linguistics, use a combination of automated and semi-automated tools to analyze the content of text corpora. Concordancing -or the arranging of passages of a textual corpus in alphabetical order according to user-defined keywords -is one of the oldest and still most widely used forms of text analysis. Concordance Mosaic is an interactive concordance visualization which emphasises quantitative information such as word frequency. While Concordance Mosaic is in active use by humanities scholars, no quantitative evaluation of the technique exists. In this paper, the Concordance Mosaic is quantitatively evaluated in comparison to a typical concordance browser. The comparison is evaluated using speed and accuracy on identified corpus analysis actions.

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Epistemologies of evidence-based medicine: a plea for corpus-based conceptual research in the medical humanities

Cited by 6 publications

References 24 publications

Reducing uncertainty in evidence‐based health policy by integrating empirical and theoretical evidence: An EbM+theory approach

Reducing uncertainty in evidence‐based health policy by integrating empirical and theoretical evidence: An EbM+theory approach

Concordancing DEVELOP* at the Interpreter-mediated Press Conferences

Task-based Quantitative Evaluation of the Concordance Mosaic Visualization

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