Epitaxial growth of polymer crystals on uniaxially drawn polymers

Takahashi, T.; Inamura, Masaya; Tsujimoto, Ishio

doi:10.1002/pol.1970.110080910

Cited by 42 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…A number of studies have been reported on the oriented crystallization of immiscible, but mechanically compatible, polymer blends consisting of two crystalline polymers, such as poly(propylene) (PP)/polyethylene (PE), [7][8][9] PP/ isotactic poly(butene-1), [10] PP/polyamide 11, [11] polyethylene glycol (PEG)/polyamide, [12] PCL/PE, [13] and poly(vinylidene fluoride)/polyamide 11. [14,15] If a component with a lower melting temperature is crystallized in the oriented matrix of another component with a higher melting temperature, some unusual orientation textures, such as orthogonal orientation, [8,10,11,14,15] or tilted orientation, [7][8][9]11] are induced in the dispersed phase.…”

Section: Full Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[14,15] If a component with a lower melting temperature is crystallized in the oriented matrix of another component with a higher melting temperature, some unusual orientation textures, such as orthogonal orientation, [8,10,11,14,15] or tilted orientation, [7][8][9]11] are induced in the dispersed phase. The unique orientation behaviors have been explained either by epitaxial crystal growth on the polymer crystal, [11][12][13] thermal shrinkage stress, [7] or transcrystallization. [10,14,15] The compatibility between two components in a blend should have important effects on the orientation behavior and the mechanical properties.…”

Section: Full Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Up to now, epitaxial crystallization, [11][12][13] thermal shrinkage stress, [7] and transcrystallization [10,14,15] have been used to interpret some new crystalline textures formed in some other blends. The possibility of an epitaxial crystallization of PVDF on the surface of PA6 is ruled out because there is no evidence of lattice matching between the PVDF and PA6 crystals.…”

Section: Mechanism For Oriented Crystallization Of Pvdf In Oriented Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unique Orientation Textures Induced by Confined Crystal Growth of Poly(vinylidene fluoride) in Oriented Blends with Polyamide 6

Kaito

Iwakura

et al. 2007

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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Unique orientation textures have been induced by the confined crystal growth of PVDF in drawn films of PVDF/PA6 blends. Oriented films of PVDF/PA6 blends were prepared by uniaxially drawing melt‐mixed blends. The drawn films with fixed lengths were heat‐treated at 180 °C for 3 minutes to melt the PVDF component, followed by non‐isothermal crystallization of PVDF at a cooling rate of 0.5 °C · min−1. The crystal orientation was studied by WAXD. When PVDF was melted and recrystallized in the drawn films of the PVDF/PA6 = 50/50 blend at a slow cooling rate, the crystal b‐axis of the α‐crystalline form of PVDF was oriented in the drawing direction, forming orthogonal orientation textures. SEM showed that stretched domains of PVDF with diameters of 0.2–0.5 µm were dispersed in the PA6 phase in the drawn films of the PVDF/PA6 = 50/50 blend. Spatial confinement of the crystal growth resulted in the alignment of the crystal b‐axis along the long axis of the domains, because PVDF is crystallized in thin cylindrical domains. The orientation behavior is different from the oriented crystallization of PVDF/PA11 (Y. Li, A. Kaito, Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2003, 24, 255), in which transcrystallization from the interface causes the a‐axis orientation to be in the drawing direction. It is thought that the domain size influenced the mechanism of oriented crystallization and the resultant crystal orientation.magnified image

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Section: Full Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Full Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanism For Oriented Crystallization Of Pvdf In Oriented Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unique Orientation Textures Induced by Confined Crystal Growth of Poly(vinylidene fluoride) in Oriented Blends with Polyamide 6

Kaito

Iwakura

et al. 2007

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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“…It has been emphasized that the lattice matching is the most important factor for the SICR formation, [2][3][4][5] since the nucleating efficiency increases with closeness of match between the lattice parameters of the substrate and the forming polymer crystal. However, the SICR appears even in little similarity in unit cell parameters, 6,7 implying that lattice match between the crystallizing polymer and the substrate material is not a necessary condition for the formation of the SICR.…”

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Interfacial Structures of Polyurethane Thin Films on Various Substrate Materials

Kim

Cho

Ryba

et al. 2003

Polym J

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ABSTRACT:Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD) was performed on three polyurethane films, prepared with polyol OH number of 120, 375, and 600 cast on various substrates, such as silicon, gold, glass, sodium chloride, and zinc phosphated steel. Surface topography did not affect the structural variation of polyurethane films along with the film depth controlled by an angle of incidence. Change of the crystallinity was occurred by a simultaneous change of interplanar spacing, indicating that substrate-induced crystallization took place. The depth that the substrate surface influenced the crystallization of the polyurethane films corresponded to the halfway of the variation of interplanar spacing. The substrate-induced ordering of the polyurethane films varied according to the substrate surface conditions, presumably depending on the attraction force forward the heterogeneities inside the polymer bulk film. It was suggested that the substrate-induced crystallization of the polyurethane on the various substrates depends on the mobility of heterogeneities toward the polar substrate surface rather than other possible mechanisms such as temperature gradient, chemical similarity, lattice match, and thermal shear stress.KEY WORDS Substrate-Induced Ordering / Polyurethane Thin Film / Grazing Incidence X-ray Diffraction / When a polymer is used as a facing film on substrate, the mobility of polymer chains is restricted by the presence of the substrate surface. The substrate surface provides the sites where polymer molecules reside. In the case where the polymer chains arrange in a periodic registry, the nucleation and growth of the polymer crystalline phase take place at the substrate surface. It is because the surface has a nucleating efficiency equal to or greater than that of the other nuclei within the polymer film, 1 the nucleation is heavily favored at the substrate surface, followed by the formation of substrate-induced crystalline region (SICR).It has been emphasized that the lattice matching is the most important factor for the SICR formation, 2-5 since the nucleating efficiency increases with closeness of match between the lattice parameters of the substrate and the forming polymer crystal. However, the SICR appears even in little similarity in unit cell parameters, 6,7 implying that lattice match between the crystallizing polymer and the substrate material is not a necessary condition for the formation of the SICR. Although temperature gradient between the substrate surface and polymer film influences the nucleation and growth process of the SICR, this does not also appear to be necessary for the SICR to form; isothermally crystallized polypropylene has been observed on nylon fiber substrate which has improbable temperature gradient. 6 Surface energy of the substrate material has been considered as a formation mechanism of the SICR, but both low energy surface (i.e., Terylene) and high energy surface (i.e., graphite) revealed the SICR morphology. [7][8][9][10][11][12] Surface topography partially explains th...

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“…Previous investigations in this series of papers have dealt with the epitaxial crystallization of polymer crystals on the surface of drawn polymers (1,2). The object of this letter is to describe the epitaxial crystallization of polyoxymethylene during the polymerization process in aqueous solution.…”

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Epitaxial crystallization of polyoxymethylene in the course of polymerization in aqueous solution

Takahashi¹,

Ogata²

1971

J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Lett.

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Epitaxial growth of polymer crystals on uniaxially drawn polymers

Cited by 42 publications

References 6 publications

Unique Orientation Textures Induced by Confined Crystal Growth of Poly(vinylidene fluoride) in Oriented Blends with Polyamide 6

Unique Orientation Textures Induced by Confined Crystal Growth of Poly(vinylidene fluoride) in Oriented Blends with Polyamide 6

Interfacial Structures of Polyurethane Thin Films on Various Substrate Materials

Epitaxial crystallization of polyoxymethylene in the course of polymerization in aqueous solution

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