Epithelial Desquamation in the Adult-Mouse Cornea A Correlative TEM-SEM Study

Hazlett, Linda D.; Wells, Peter A.; Spann, Bryan M.; Berk, Richard S.

doi:10.1159/000265095

Cited by 27 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Previously, we have reported that purified Pseudomonas aeruginosa toxin A injected beneath the fused eyelid of 5-day-old mouse pups, resulted in toxemia and death of these animals within 24 h [1], Results from this study correlated well with previous work from this laboratory in which we used tox+ bacteria to infect pups [5] as well as with clinical cases of P. aeruginosa infection in human infants [2], Since only the unwounded, immature and not the young adult ocular surface epithelium is easily penetrated by P. aeruginosa, we initiated studies to carefully examine and compare the morphology of each type of surface epithelium [6,7], In this work, we found that there is virtually no morphologically detectable tear-1 Supported by United States Public Health Service Grants EY-02986 (LDH), EY-01935 (RSB) and AI-14671 (BHI) from the National Eye Institute and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. film in the pup, whereas it is present, although thin, in the young adult.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…film in the pup, whereas it is present, although thin, in the young adult. We also found that patterns of epithelial cell desquamation were different [6,7], In further work, we sequentially examined the histopathological events which occur following bacterial injection beneath the fused eyelid [8,9], From these studies, we have established that the first step in P. aeruginosa invasion of the intact ocular surface involves adherence of the bacteria to the peripheral corneal and conjunctival epithelium. This event is extremely rapid, and occurs within 5 min after bacterial injection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Pseudomonas Exotoxin A Mediated Ocular Damage in Mouse Pups: Microscopic Observations

Hazlett¹,

Iglewski

Berk

1982

Ophthalmic Res

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The ocular damage in mouse pups produced by purified Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A was examined microscopically following toxin A injection beneath the fused eyelid. In contrast to infection, in which lysis of ocular surface epithelium occurs within minutes, toxin A does not induce any lytic changes until 5 h after injection. Additionally, no phagocytic cellular response to toxin A was observed, whereas in infection, this response is seen within 1 h. We conclude that toxin A is not the bacterial extracellular factor responsible for mediating the rapid early destruction of the ocular epithelium allowing bacterial penetration and dissemination.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Pseudomonas Exotoxin A Mediated Ocular Damage in Mouse Pups: Microscopic Observations

Hazlett¹,

Iglewski

Berk

1982

Ophthalmic Res

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“…A recent study on mouse cornea epithelium correlating scanning and transmission electron microscopy (Hazlett et al 1980) revealed that structures previously suggested to be full-thickness cell holes really represent different stages of local circumscipt cell impressions or full-thickness holes. Consequently, it was argued that scanning electron microscopy alone is not sufficient to identify these structures, because microvilli within the grooves appear similar whether they belong to the surface of the cell beneath, or they are projections from the posterior wall of an open cyst.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Damage of the Cornea Epithelium Caused by Ultraviolet Radiation

Ringvold¹

1983

Acta Ophthalmologica

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Rabbit cornea epithelium was exposed to UV-radiation for 15 min from a distance of 50 cm, and specimens were studied after 1/2, 1, and 3 h, respectively. The following changes occurred: 1) Reduced number of the large impressions or the full-thickness holes of the superficial cells. 2) Partly rejected cells. 3) Numerous small plasma membrane defects. This investigation shows plasma membrane defects at an early stage after the exposure, and this may be the locus for the initial damage.

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“…Maintenance of the barrier function is an important ance, indicating a loss of surface reticulation (Hazlett et al, 1980;Pfister, 1973;Fig. 2).…”

Section: Epitheliummentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructure of the human cornea

Beuerman

Pedroza

1996

Microsc. Res. Tech.

115

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The transparent nature of the cornea and its importance in the visual pathway as the major refracting lens of the eye have intrigued workers in many different disciplines and their studies have added immeasurably to the understanding of the cornea in health and disease. Reviews of the structure of the cornea date back to the earliest days of electron microscopy (Hogan et al., 1971; Klyce and Beuerman, 1988; Kuwabara, 1978; Rouiller et al., 1954), yet, due to changing insights into corneal structure provided by cell biology, as well as new clinical developments, current ultrastructural reviews of the cornea have new relevance in both basic science and clinical ophthalmic research. Evolving as an avascular tissue with the need for increasingly better optical properties, the cornea has acquired many unique structural adaptations. In addition to its optical properties, the cornea also serves a major protective function for the visual organ. The position at the front of the globe subjects the cornea to the greatest number of interactions with the environment of any ocular structure. It is subject to insult from both airborne and solid objects, as well as disease organisms, and has developed an elaborate array of sensory nerves to signal impending danger. At birth, the cornea is relatively large compared with the rest of the globe. The growth of the cornea occurs mainly between the ages of six months and one year, although the adult size of approximately 1.3 cm2 is not attained until some time between the first and second years. The optical properties of the anterior surface, or tear surface, of the cornea have become increasingly refined in mammals to allow more precise image projection at the retina (Walls, 1942). Specialized skin covering the eye in lower vertebrates, for example in the lamprey, has given way to a refracting surface in amphibians and, ultimately, to the cornea and lids in mammals. However, the more primitive structures are not as clear as the mammalian and human cornea, and a layer similar to Bowman's in human corneas begins to be seen in reptiles and birds (Thomas, 1955). © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Epithelial Desquamation in the Adult-Mouse Cornea A Correlative TEM-SEM Study

Cited by 27 publications

References 2 publications

Experimental Pseudomonas Exotoxin A Mediated Ocular Damage in Mouse Pups: Microscopic Observations

Experimental Pseudomonas Exotoxin A Mediated Ocular Damage in Mouse Pups: Microscopic Observations

Damage of the Cornea Epithelium Caused by Ultraviolet Radiation

Ultrastructure of the human cornea

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