Epithelial-mesenchymal transition of absorptive enterocytes and depletion of Peyer's patch M cells after PEDV infection

Abstract

This study focused on intestinal restitution including phenotype switching of absorptive enterocytes and the abundance of different enterocyte subtypes in weaned pigs after porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection. At 10 days post-PEDV-inoculation, the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in both jejunum and ileum had restored, and the PEDV antigen was not detectable. However, enterocytes at the villus tips revealed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the jejunum in which E-cadherin expression decreased while expression of N-cadherin, vimentin, and Snail increased. Additionally, there was reduced expression of actin in microvilli and Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in tight junctions. Moreover, the protein concentration of transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), which mediates EMT and cytoskeleton alteration, was increased. We also found a decreased number of Peyer's patch M cells in the ileum. These results reveal incomplete restitution of enterocytes in the jejunum and potentially impaired immune surveillance in the ileum after PEDV infection.

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis YopE prevents uptake by M cells and instigates M cell extrusion in human ileal enteroid-derived monolayers

“…Our observation that M cells infected with WT 37°C induced M cells to extrude indicate a possible means by which a secondary infection could be limited via temporary depletion of M cells above a PP. M cell depletion has been described after reovirus type I infection in mice and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection in pigs 75,76 , although the mechanisms are not defined.…”

Effect of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 2 on angiogenesis and cell proliferation at the maternal-fetal interface

“… 40 This antibody has been previously used to evaluate porcine stem cell proliferation in jejunal crypts of intestinal samples. 8 Normal mouse serum (ab7486; 1:10 dilution) replaced the Ki-67 to demonstrate a lack of nonspecific binding for quality control purposes on the negative control slides. As described above, slides were also labeled for TJP-1 and DAPI.…”

The Effects of Swine Coronaviruses on ER Stress, Autophagy, Apoptosis, and Alterations in Cell Morphology

“…In vivo Jejunal epithelial cells in 8-week-old pigs [25] In vitro Vero cells [17,26,27] IECs [29][30][31] HEK293T cells [34] In vitro Vero cells [27,34,50] IPEC-J2 cells [51,52] ST cells [53] HEK293T cells [54] In vivo Small intestine in 4-day-old piglets [55] Jejunal epithelial cells in 5-and 8-week-old pigs [25,56] In vitro Vero cells [55,[57][58][59][60] IECs [61] IPEC-J2 cells [62,63] In vivo Reduced ZO-1 in jejunum in 4-week-old pigs [64] EMT in jejunum in 4-week-old pigs [64] In vitro Reduced ZO-1 in IPEC-J2 cells [65] Disrupted protein level of AJs and TJs in Vero cells [59] TGEV In vitro Porcine intestinal epithelial cells [35] ST cells [35] In vitro IPEC-J2 cells [66] In vitro IPEC-J2 cells [67] PK-15 cells [68][69][70][71][72] ST cells [73][74][75] In vitro Reduced E-cadherin, occluding, ZO-1 in IPEC-J2 cells [65] Microfilament and F-actin reorganization in IPEC-J2 cells [65]…”

“…The infection of PEDV results in a lower expression of ZO-1 in enterocytes both in vivo and in vitro [64,65] (Table 2). In addition, the RNA expression of TJs, including occludin, claudin-1, claudin-4, claudin-5, ZO-1, and ZO-2, reduces in both PEDV-infected 7-day-old piglets and IPEC-J2 cells [133].…”

“…Chronic infection with PEDV leads to EMT in enterocytes of weaned piglets with increased protein levels of TGFβ, implying persistent injury caused by PEDV [64]. Additionally, PEDV upregulates DEGs associated with the TGFβ signaling pathway in IPEC-J2 cells [32,144].…”