Epithelial, non-melanocytic and melanocytic proliferations of the ocular surface

Kheir, Wajiha Jurdi; Tetzlaff, Michael T.; Pfeiffer, Margaret L.; Mulay, Kaustubh; Ozgur, Omar; Morrell, Gail; Esmaeli, Bita

doi:10.1053/j.semdp.2015.10.006

Cited by 19 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…[1] It appears clinically as a flesh-like elevation with a gelatinous, leukoplakic or papilloform appearance [Figure 1]. [1] It is often found near the limbus [Figure 2] and can affect both the cornea and conjunctiva but can also involve the palpebral and tarsal conjunctiva [Figure 3] and if untreated and in advanced stages can invade the orbit. [1]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1] It is often found near the limbus [Figure 2] and can affect both the cornea and conjunctiva but can also involve the palpebral and tarsal conjunctiva [Figure 3] and if untreated and in advanced stages can invade the orbit. [1]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1] A recent study in Zimbabwe by Gichuhi et al showed an incidence rate of 3.4 and 3.0 cases/year/100,000 for males and females, respectively. [2] This contrasts with the worldwide rate of 0.18 and 0.08 cases/year/100,000 for males and females respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main risk factors for OSSN are ultraviolet (UV) exposure,[1] human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS),[1] and human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. [1] These risk factors are increasing in African countries and are believed to be the major causes of the increased incidence rates observed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1] These risk factors are increasing in African countries and are believed to be the major causes of the increased incidence rates observed. [1] The risk for local invasion and distant metastasis of OSSN in general is low, but increases in patients with these risk factors. [1]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and severity of ocular surface Neoplasia in African nations and need for early interventions

Reynolds¹,

Pfeiffer²,

Ozgur³

et al. 2016

J Ophthalmic Vis Res

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Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) is a common ocular surface tumor with an increased incidence in African countries (3.4 and 3.0 cases/year/100,000). Despite its potential for vision loss and death, OSSN remains largely neglected by both eye and HIV care programs in Africa. The purpose of this review is to identify the barriers to timely diagnosis and early interventions for OSSN in Africa. PubMed searches were conducted targeting previous use of topical chemotherapy (interferon alpha 2b, Mitomycin-C, 5-Fluorouracil) and Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in Africa. We found that OSSN is a significant vision and life-threatening health problem in Africa leading to significant loss of vision, as well as facial disfigurement and social stigma. We did not find any reports on the use of topical interferon, Mitomycin-C or HPV vaccination for OSSN in Africa. One report on the use of topical 5-FU for OSSN in Africa was found. Common barriers to early detection and management of OSSN in Africa include lack of sufficient laboratory infrastructure, lack of trained healthcare personnel, lack of compliance with follow-up visits, cost of topical chemotherapies, and cultural preferences for traditional medicines. In conclusion, OSSN is a significant vision and life-threatening health problem in Africa. There is not much literature on prevention or treatment options for early stages of OSSN in Africa. The use of topical chemotherapy as early interventions and judicious use of smart phone Apps to help with remote diagnosis of early OSSN should be further explored.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%