Epithelioid hemangioma of brachial artery: report of a case and review of the literature

Abstract

Epithelioid hemangioma (EH) is an uncommon benign vascular lesion, also known as angioblastic lymphoid (or angiolymphoid) hyperplasia with eosinophilia, characterized by an unclear etiopathogenesis.It usually affects young to middle-aged adults and develops in the head and neck region, as painless cutaneous or subcutaneous reddish papules or nodules.Large vessels involvement is extremely rare, and to date only two cases affecting the brachial artery have been cited in literature.In this report we present a further case of EH of the brachial artery and review the pertinent literature.

Epithelioid Haemangioma of Bone: A Case Series and Comprehensive Literature Review Reappraising the Diagnostic Classification of All Epithelioid Vascular Neoplasms of Bone

“…Tumors have also been documented in the extremities (arm, triceps, hand, tibia, and foot) and less frequently in the trunk (rib, vertebra, axilla, neck, and clavicle). Lesion sites in soft tissue include the lacrimal gland [12], inner canthus [13], heart [14], eye [15], penis [16], scrotum [17], testis [18], colon [19], oral mucosa [20], arteries of the limbs [21], bone [4], lymph nodes [22], lung [23], tongue [24], breast [25], and spleen [26].…”

“…The typical nodular EH variants can resemble pyogenic granuloma, which comprises tight aggregates of capillary-sized vessels growing in a lobular fashion within a fibromyxoid (granulation tissue-like) stroma [45,55]. EH can also exhibit intravascular papillary endothelial cell proliferation; this feature can confound the differential diagnosis from intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (Masson's tumor) [21]. However, vessels with an irregular lumen and plump epithelioid cells are typically absent in the latter [21].…”

“…EH can also exhibit intravascular papillary endothelial cell proliferation; this feature can confound the differential diagnosis from intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (Masson's tumor) [21]. However, vessels with an irregular lumen and plump epithelioid cells are typically absent in the latter [21]. The differential diagnoses for other cutaneous lesions mainly comprising epithelioid cells include poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma, epithelioid vascular tumor, atypical fibroxanthoma, cutaneous leiomyosarcoma, epithelioid fibrous histiocytoma, and epithelioid sarcoma [56].…”

Atypical presentation and management of an epithelioid hemangioma: a case report and review of the literature

“…While the most prevalent site is the head and neck, EH has been identified in numerous anatomic locations, such as the lower back [2], penis [6], orbit [7], colon [8], oral cavity [9], thigh, and ankle [10]. Although typically a dermal or subcutaneous lesion, EH of larger vessels, heart, deep soft tissue, and bone have also been described [11][12][13][14].…”