Epitope analysis of capsid and matrix proteins of North American ovine lentivirus field isolates

Marcom, K. A.; Pearson, Leonard; Chung, Che-Sheng; Poulson, J. M.; DeMartini, James C.

doi:10.1128/jcm.29.7.1472-1479.1991

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Several singlelabel immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses have been developed to detect OPPV, MVV, or CAEV proteins. SRLV capsid antigen (CA) has been detected in lung, bronchoalveolar lavage cells, mammary gland, lymph nodes, carpal synovial membrane, heart, liver, lymphoid tissue associated with the third eyelid, bone marrow, and the central nervous system, 4,5,8,10,19,21,37,51 with the mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) 3F 37 generated to OPPV 85/34, 1A7 19 generated to MVV, and VPM70 49 generated to MVV EV1 CA or a rabbit polyclonal antibody 51 raised to a recombinant CAEV T9 CA protein. MVV CA has also been detected in tissue sections of kidney, gastrointestinal tract, and lung 2,46,47 of sheep, with the anti-CAEV-63 CA MAb 5A1.…”

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confidence: 99%

Ovine Progressive Pneumonia Virus Capsid Antigen as Found in CD163- and CD172a-Positive Alveolar Macrophages of Persistently Infected Sheep

et al. 2009

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In situ detection of ovine progressive pneumonia virus (OPPV) and the phenotypic identification of the cells that harbor OPPV have not been described for the OPPV-affected tissues, which include lung, mammary gland, synovial membranes of the carpal joint, and choroid plexus of the brain. In this study, the authors first developed a single enzyme-based automated immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis for detection of OPPV capsid antigen (CA) on OPPV-affected tissues, using 2 anti-CAEV CA monoclonal antibodies, 5A1 and 10A1, and 2 enzyme-based IHC systems. Out of 10 naturally and persistently OPPVinfected ewes, OPPV CA was detected in intercellular regions of the carpal synovial membrane of 1 ewe, in cells resembling alveolar macrophages and pulmonary interstitial macrophages in lung tissue of 3 ewes, and in mammary alveolar cells of 1 ewe. Furthermore, dual enzyme-based automated IHC analyses revealed that OPPV CA was predominantly detected in CD172a-or CD163-positive alveolar macrophages of the lungs and mammary gland. That anti-inflammatory (CD163) and downregulatory (CD172a) types of alveolar macrophage harbor OPPV CA leads to the possibility that during persistent infection with OPPV, the host alveolar macrophage might serve to limit inflammation while OPPV persists undetected by the host adaptive immune response in the lung and mammary gland.Keywords ovine progressive pneumonia virus, maedi-visna virus, ovine lentivirus, capsid, dual immunohistochemistry, CD163, CD172aThe small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs), including ovine progressive pneumonia virus (OPPV), maedi-visna virus (MVV), and caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV), are phylogenetically similar and are part of the Retroviridae family, which includes human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). 54Clinical signs of SRLV include dyspnea, firmness of the udder and/or reduced milk production (mastitis), swollen joints and lameness (arthritis), cachexia, and ataxia. Clinical signs can vary in animals; therefore, the reference standard for evaluating the extent of disease caused by SRLVs is postmortem histological assessment of lung, mammary gland, carpal synovial membrane, and choroid plexus. 7,11,13 Definitive diagnosis of SRLV infection cannot be made on the sole basis of histopathology; as such, serological (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]) and/or molecular (polymerase chain reaction [PCR]) diagnostic tests are used to establish the presence of infection. 15The SRLVs are considered immunopathological diseases, meaning that subsequent immune responses to the virus are thought to contribute more to the pathology of the disease than to the virus alone. 12 The histological progression of SRLV-induced pathology in the tissues is thought to follow a general pattern whereby there is increased lymphoid follicle development and mononuclear and plasma cell infiltration, as followed by edema and necrosis of tissues in severe cases. In MVV-infected sheep, more MHC class II-positive cells and CD8-positive cells are observed in the bronchoalveolar lavage...

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Ovine Progressive Pneumonia Virus Capsid Antigen as Found in CD163- and CD172a-Positive Alveolar Macrophages of Persistently Infected Sheep

et al. 2009

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“…In contrast, infection of GSM cells with OvLV strain 84/28 at the same multiplicity of infection (MOI) resulted in persistent infection and fewer syncytia (slow/low phenotypic variant). To quantify total OvLV proteins, a standard curve was constructed by using optical density readings from the reaction of bicinchoninic acid (27) with sucrose density gradient-purified OvLV 85/34 (19). The CA was estimated as 40% of the total protein value.…”

Section: Materuils and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MAb. Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies (MAb) that recognize four distinct epitopes on OvLV structural polypeptides were described previously (19). Ammonium sulfate precipitates of ascites were dialyzed against 100 mM NaHCO3 (pH 8).…”

Section: Materuils and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of ovine lentivirus infectivity and replication by using a focal immunoassay and an antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

et al. 1992

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A focal immunoassay and an antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (antigen-capture ELISA) were developed to quantify infectious ovine lentivirus (OvLV) and OvLV capsid protein (CA) (p27), respectively. The in vitro kinetics of replication and cytopathogenicity of distinct biological clones of OvLV (rapid/high and slow/low phenotypic variants) were assessed. Both viruses were detected by focal immunoassay within 48 h postinfection, 2 days before syncytia were observed in goat synovial membrane cells infected with rapid/high OvLV and 4 days before they appeared in cultures infected with slow/low OvLV. CA was first detected by antigen-capture ELISA in supernatants of cells infected with rapid/high OvLV 4 days postinfection, and it reached a plateau by 10 days, 4 days after peak syncytium formation. In contrast, in cultures infected at the same multiplicity of infection with slow/low OvLV, CA was detected 8 days postinfection, and the titer gradually increased over the following 12 days while the number of syncytia gradually decreased. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from seropositive sheep treated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) generally expressed CA earlier and at higher levels than PBMC treated with either phytohemagglutinin or concanavalin A. Serum CA levels above 3 ng/ml were found in 58% (18 of 31) of seropositive sheep. However, there was no correlation between PMA-induced CA expression and levels of antigenemia. Viral heterogeneity may account for variations both in CA expression in cultures of PBMC and in antigenemia, humoral immune response, and viral pathogenicity in infected animals.

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“…Caprine arthritis and encephalitis virus (CAEV) can aff ect joints, central nervous system and udder in goats (Marcom et al, 1991). Arthritis can be found in infected animals which are 1 to 6 years old, with swollen carpal joints, causing limp and weight loss in sick animals (Blacklaws, 2004 Domesticated host animals of the virus are sheep (Ovis aries) and goats (Capra hircus).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Small Ruminant Lentivirus Infections in Sheep and Goats in Some Regions of Vojvodina Province

Savić

Stošić²,

Bugarski³

et al. 2020

AVM

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Small Ruminant Lentivirus causes a chronic lifelong, multisystemic diseases in sheep and goats with or without clinical manifestation. Maedi-visna virus (MVV) and Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) are often considered together as small ruminants lentivirus (SRLV) due to their phylogenetic correlation and the interspecies transmission between sheep and goats. During the period of four years, from 2015-2018, an annual monitoring was done on male animals (rams and bucks) used for breeding, for determination of antibodies against SRLV with ELISA serological method. In total, serum samples from 6732 animals were analyzed. During the study period, seroprevalence for small ruminant lentivirus has rised from 4,17% to 16,21%, with an overall value of 12% for the whole period. Over the years seroprevalence has been changing with increasing tendency. The highest seroprevalence in rams was in 2018, when the largest number of samples was examined. In bucks, the highest number of positive samples was found in 2015. From 2014 until 2018, the overall seroprevalence in rams and bucks has increased significantly. From the study results it can be seen that annual monitoring program is very important and has to be held in the future in order to have the disease under control. The program helps in rising the awareness and knowledge of the owners about SRLV and the importance of breeding seronegative animals.

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Epitope analysis of capsid and matrix proteins of North American ovine lentivirus field isolates

Cited by 16 publications

References 38 publications

Ovine Progressive Pneumonia Virus Capsid Antigen as Found in CD163- and CD172a-Positive Alveolar Macrophages of Persistently Infected Sheep

Ovine Progressive Pneumonia Virus Capsid Antigen as Found in CD163- and CD172a-Positive Alveolar Macrophages of Persistently Infected Sheep

Analysis of ovine lentivirus infectivity and replication by using a focal immunoassay and an antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

Prevalence of Small Ruminant Lentivirus Infections in Sheep and Goats in Some Regions of Vojvodina Province

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