Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus infection of type I interferon receptor deficient mice

Eschbaumer, Michael; Keller, Markus; Beer, Martin

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.08.019

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…An animal laboratory model would facilitate the studies and evaluation of vaccines against this virus. The IFNAR(−/−) mice has also been proposed as a mouse model to study EHDV infection with promising results [69]. Previously, the virus was shown to fatally infect newborn Swiss outbred mice after intracerebral inoculation [165]; however, newborn mice cannot be used for vaccination experiments.…”

Section: Family Reoviridaementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Animals displayed clinical signs similar to those observed in BTV-infected IFNAR(−/−) mice with the exception of conjunctivitis. A dose of 5 × 10 5 PFUs killed all mice and they presented enlarged spleens and multiple necrotic foci in the liver as well as large amounts of EHDV RNA in spleen [69]. These are some of the organs where virus can be found in viremic deer (OIE 2014).…”

Section: Family Reoviridaementioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling Arboviral Infection in Mice Lacking the Interferon Alpha/Beta Receptor

Marín-López

Calvo-Pinilla²,

Moreno³

et al. 2019

Viruses

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Arboviruses are arthropod-borne viruses that exhibit worldwide distribution and are a constant threat, not only for public health but also for wildlife, domestic animals, and even plants. To study disease pathogenesis and to develop efficient and safe therapies, the use of an appropriate animal model is a critical concern. Adult mice with gene knockouts of the interferon α/β (IFN-α/β) receptor (IFNAR(−/−)) have been described as a model of arbovirus infections. Studies with the natural hosts of these viruses are limited by financial and ethical issues, and in some cases, the need to have facilities with a biosafety level 3 with sufficient space to accommodate large animals. Moreover, the number of animals in the experiments must provide results with statistical significance. Recent advances in animal models in the last decade among other gaps in knowledge have contributed to the better understanding of arbovirus infections. A tremendous advantage of the IFNAR(−/−) mouse model is the availability of a wide variety of reagents that can be used to study many aspects of the immune response to the virus. Although extrapolation of findings in mice to natural hosts must be done with care due to differences in the biology between mouse and humans, experimental infections of IFNAR(−/−) mice with several studied arboviruses closely mimics hallmarks of these viruses in their natural host. Therefore, IFNAR(−/−) mice are a good model to facilitate studies on arbovirus transmission, pathogenesis, virulence, and the protective efficacy of new vaccines. In this review article, the most important arboviruses that have been studied using the IFNAR(−/−) mouse model will be reviewed.

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Section: Family Reoviridaementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Family Reoviridaementioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Arboviral Infection in Mice Lacking the Interferon Alpha/Beta Receptor

Marín-López

Calvo-Pinilla²,

Moreno³

et al. 2019

Viruses

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“…There are fewer real-time PCR assays available for EHDV (Wilson et al 2009, Clavijo et al 2010, Eschbaumer et al 2012). These PCR-based diagnostic procedures are exquisitely analytically sensitive and theoretically can be configured to any desired specificity if the sequence of the target viral gene of interest is known.…”

Section: Nucleic Acid Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Tools for Bluetongue and Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Viruses Applicable to North American Veterinary Diagnosticians

Wilson

Daniels

Ostlund

et al. 2015

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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This review provides an overview of current and potential new diagnostic tests for bluetongue (BT) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) viruses compiled from international participants of the Orbivirus Gap Analysis Workshop, Diagnostic Group. The emphasis of this review is on diagnostic tools available to North American veterinary diagnosticians. Standard diagnostic tests are readily available for BT/EHD viruses, and there are described tests that are published in the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) Terrestrial Manual. There is however considerable variation in the diagnostic approach to these viruses. Serological assays are well established, and many laboratories are experienced in running these assays. Numerous nucleic acid amplification assays are also available for BT virus (BTV) and EHD virus (EHDV). Although there is considerable experience with BTV reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR), there are no standards or comparisons of the protocols used by various state and federal veterinary diagnostic laboratories. Methods for genotyping BTV and EHDV isolates are available and are valuable tools for monitoring and analyzing circulating viruses. These methods include RT-PCR panels or arrays, RT-PCR and sequencing of specific genome segments, or the use of next-generation sequencing. In addition to enabling virus characterization, use of advanced molecular detection methods, including DNA microarrays and next-generation sequencing, significantly enhance the ability to detect unique virus strains that may arise through genetic drift, recombination, or viral genome segment reassortment, as well as incursions of new virus strains from other geographical areas.

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“…An important aspect of vaccine-challenge studies in any system is the availability of virulent challenge strains for each virus serotype that will reliably generate severe or lethal clinical disease in the animal model. Small-animal models need to be optimized for EHDV (Eschbaumer et al 2012a, b) and developed for other orbiviruses.…”

Section: Small-animal Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Knowledge Gaps and Tools for Orbivirus Research

Drolet

Rijn

Howerth

et al. 2015

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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Although recognized as causing emerging and re-emerging disease outbreaks worldwide since the late 1800 s, there has been growing interest in the United States and Europe in recent years in orbiviruses, their insect vectors, and the diseases they cause in domestic livestock and wildlife. This is due, in part, to the emergence of bluetongue (BT) in northern Europe in 2006-2007 resulting in a devastating outbreak, as well as severe BT outbreaks in sheep and epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) outbreaks in deer and cattle in the United States. Of notable concern is the isolation of as many as 10 new BT virus (BTV) serotypes in the United States since 1999 and their associated unknowns, such as route of introduction, virulence to mammals, and indigenous competent vectors. This review, based on a gap analysis workshop composed of international experts on orbiviruses conducted in 2013, gives a global perspective of current basic virological understanding of orbiviruses, with particular attention to BTV and the closely related epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV), and identifies a multitude of basic virology research gaps, critical for predicting and preventing outbreaks.

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Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus infection of type I interferon receptor deficient mice

Cited by 16 publications

References 8 publications

Modeling Arboviral Infection in Mice Lacking the Interferon Alpha/Beta Receptor

Modeling Arboviral Infection in Mice Lacking the Interferon Alpha/Beta Receptor

Diagnostic Tools for Bluetongue and Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Viruses Applicable to North American Veterinary Diagnosticians

A Review of Knowledge Gaps and Tools for Orbivirus Research

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