Epizootic shell disease in American lobsters Homarus americanus in southern New England: past, present and future

Castro, Kathleen; Cobb, J. Stanley; Gomez‐Chiarri, Marta; Tlusty, Michael F.

doi:10.3354/dao02507

Cited by 47 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…, Castro et al. ). The disease is characterized by an extensive erosion and melanization of the cuticle (Smolowitz et al.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Recruitment has been low since 1998 and the natural mortality rate appears to have increased (Castro et al. , Howell ). In 1997, epizootic shell disease appeared on lobsters off southern New England (Castro and Angell ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although lobster populations appear to be growing over most of their range, abundance of lobsters in the southernmost stock, the southern New England stock, is the lowest since the 1980s, despite declining exploitation rates over the last 10 years (Howell 2012, Wahle et al 2015. Recruitment has been low since 1998 and the natural mortality rate appears to have increased (Castro et al 2012, Howell 2012. In 1997, epizootic shell disease appeared on lobsters off southern New England (Castro and Angell 2000).…”

Section: Tagging-tagging Took Place In September Throughmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of disease on the survival of three commercially fished species

Hoenig

Groner

Smith

et al. 2017

Ecological Applications

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Recent increases in emergent infectious diseases have raised concerns about the sustainability of some marine species. The complexity and expense of studying diseases in marine systems often dictate that conservation and management decisions are made without quantitative data on population-level impacts of disease. Mark-recapture is a powerful, underutilized, tool for calculating impacts of disease on population size and structure, even in the absence of etiological information. We applied logistic regression models to mark-recapture data to obtain estimates of disease-associated mortality rates in three commercially important marine species: snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) in Newfoundland, Canada, that experience sporadic epizootics of bitter crab disease; striped bass (Morone saxatilis) in the Chesapeake Bay, USA, that experience chronic dermal and visceral mycobacteriosis; and American lobster (Homarus americanus) in the Southern New England stock, that experience chronic epizootic shell disease. All three diseases decreased survival of diseased hosts. Survival of diseased adult male crabs was 1% (0.003-0.022, 95% CI) that of uninfected crabs indicating nearly complete mortality of infected crabs in this life stage. Survival of moderately and severely diseased striped bass (which comprised 15% and 11% of the population, respectively) was 84% (70-100%, 95% CI), and 54% (42-68%, 95% CI) that of healthy striped bass. The disease-adjusted yearly natural mortality rate for striped bass was 0.29, nearly double the previously accepted value, which did not include disease. Survival of moderately and severely diseased lobsters was 30% (15-60%, 95% CI) that of healthy lobsters and survival of mildly diseased lobsters was 45% (27-75%, 95% CI) that of healthy lobsters. High disease mortality in ovigerous females may explain the poor recruitment and rapid declines observed in this population. Stock assessments should account for disease-related mortality when resource management options are evaluated.

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“…, Castro et al. ). The disease is characterized by an extensive erosion and melanization of the cuticle (Smolowitz et al.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tagging-tagging Took Place In September Throughmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Impact of disease on the survival of three commercially fished species

Hoenig

Groner

Smith

et al. 2017

Ecological Applications

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“…Some events contributed to the collapse of fisheries (Castro, Cobb, Gomez‐Chiarri, & Tlusty, 2012) and ecosystems (Lessios, 2016); the MME of the keystone species Pisaster ochraceus associated with sea star wasting disease (SSWD) caused top‐down trophic cascades in subtidal reefs (Schultz, Cloutier, & Côté, 2016) and altered zonation of the rocky intertidal community (Gravem & Morgan, 2017). Most of these MMEs occurred without forewarning; causes, mechanisms, and effects had to be inferred post hoc in the absence of information about pre‐MME conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An initial comparative genomic autopsy of wasting disease in sea stars

et al. 2020

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Beginning in 2013, sea stars throughout the Eastern North Pacific were decimated by wasting disease, also known as “asteroid idiopathic wasting syndrome” (AIWS) due to its elusive aetiology. The geographic extent and taxonomic scale of AIWS meant events leading up to the outbreak were heterogeneous, multifaceted, and oftentimes unobserved; progression from morbidity to death was rapid, leaving few tell‐tale symptoms. Here, we take a forensic genomic approach to discover candidate genes that may help explain sea star wasting syndrome. We report the first genome and annotation for Pisaster ochraceus, along with differential gene expression (DGE) analyses in four size classes, three tissue types, and in symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. We integrate nucleotide polymorphisms associated with survivors of the wasting disease outbreak, DGE associated with temperature treatments in P. ochraceus, and DGE associated with wasting in another asteroid Pycnopodia helianthoides. In P. ochraceus, we found DGE across all tissues, among size classes, and between asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals; the strongest wasting‐associated DGE signal was in pyloric caecum. We also found previously identified outlier loci co‐occur with differentially expressed genes. In cross‐species comparisons of symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals, consistent responses distinguish genes associated with invertebrate innate immunity and chemical defence, consistent with context‐dependent stress responses, defensive apoptosis, and tissue degradation. Our analyses thus highlight genomic constituents that may link suspected environmental drivers (elevated temperature) with intrinsic differences among individuals (age/size, alleles associated with susceptibility) that elicit organismal responses (e.g., coelomocyte proliferation) and manifest as sea star wasting mass mortality.

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“…Indeed, multiple signs are prescient of a potential shift. Juvenile lobster recruitment levels appear to be decreasing (Wahle and Oppenheim, 2013); catch levels have dropped precipitously in southern New England (Howell, 2012); and signs of the increase and spread of lobster shell disease (Castro et al, 2012) suggest the very real possibility that the fishery could decline. Changes in the institutional structure of the lobster fishery could also decrease demand even if catch levels are maintained.…”

Section: Atlantic Herring Fishery E Fish As Baitmentioning

confidence: 97%