Epizootic Shell Disease in American Lobster (Homarus Americanus) in Massachusetts Coastal Waters: Interactions of Temperature, Maturity, and Intermolt Duration

Glenn, Robert P.; Pugh, Tracy L.

doi:10.1651/s-2754.1

Cited by 112 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The influence of temperature on the development of shell disease has been described for lobsters before. But contrasting to our finding, a positive correlation was observed in lobsters between a period of rising seawater temperature and (epizootic) shell disease prevalence (Castro et al, 2006;Glenn and Pugh, 2006;Tlusty and Metzler, 2012). In contrast to C. crangon, lobsters do not molt as often as shrimps and retain their shells for a longer timescale (Hufnagl and Temming, 2011b;Hughes and Matthiessen, 1962).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Further, independent of temperature or the size of the spots, > 80% of the previously diseased individuals did not show any signs of infection post molting. This is consistent with Smolowitz et al (1992) and Glenn and Pugh (2006) who noted that early signs of shell disease can disappear after molting in the American lobster, whereas Schlotfeldt (1972) still observed a few black spots after molting, when the bacteria had already invaded the soft underlying tissues. It is known from literature that crustaceans, such as C. crangon, have a higher molting rate and therefore a shorter intermolt period at increasing seawater temperatures (Tiews, 1954).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…In all ectothermic organisms such as C. crangon, temperature determines and interacts with embryogenesis, growth, molting frequencies and also the reproduction and survival (Caudri, 1939;Hufnagl and Temming, 2011a;Lloyd and Yonge, 1947;Siegel et al, 2008;Tiews, 1954). Hence, increasing water temperatures can result in physiological stress and therefore decreased defense mechanisms, which in turn lead to more susceptibility to shell disease as has been shown in the American lobster (Homarus americanus) (Dove et al, 2005;Glenn and Pugh, 2006;Tlusty et al, 2007). Additionally, elevated water temperature enhances the amount of bacteria and thus the risk of an infection (Dove et al, 2005;Glenn and Pugh, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, increasing water temperatures can result in physiological stress and therefore decreased defense mechanisms, which in turn lead to more susceptibility to shell disease as has been shown in the American lobster (Homarus americanus) (Dove et al, 2005;Glenn and Pugh, 2006;Tlusty et al, 2007). Additionally, elevated water temperature enhances the amount of bacteria and thus the risk of an infection (Dove et al, 2005;Glenn and Pugh, 2006). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shell disease in Crangon crangon (Linnaeus, 1758): The interaction of temperature and stress response

Segelken-Voigt

Miller

Gerlach

2018

Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology

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A B S T R A C TThe prevalence of black spot shell disease is increasing among marine crustaceans worldwide. Rising seawater temperatures -often stressful for ectothermic species -are assumed to enhance the occurrence of shell disease. In the North Sea > 50% of local populations of the brown shrimp (Crangon crangon) are affected by the disease. While fisheries are suffering because diseased crustaceans are barely merchantable, the impact of shell disease on life history traits of crustaceans is little understood. To determine the role of temperature on the development of black spots and its implications for survival and physiology in the brown shrimp, a prolonged (3 months) thermal stress experiment was performed. We measured the increment of shell disease and the effect of molting in shrimps kept at control (15°C = equivalent to the seafloor temperature in the North Sea during sampling) and increased temperature (20°C = according to predictions for the end of the century). The resting metabolic rate was analyzed to determine the physiological state of diseased compared to non-diseased animals. In the present study, the warmer temperature in the range of 20°C did not increase the spot size of shell disease and no differences were observed between the two temperatures. The process of molting thereby seemed to diminish and in most of the cases even completely remove the signs of shell disease. At 15°C but not at 20°C, metabolic rate was reduced in diseased in contrast to healthy individuals. This study showed that shell disease might lead to a higher mortality rate and an impairment of the physiological state in C. crangon.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Shell disease in Crangon crangon (Linnaeus, 1758): The interaction of temperature and stress response

Segelken-Voigt

Miller

Gerlach

2018

Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology

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“…Many affected animals were reported in the mid to late 1990s in the Long Island Sound area (New York and Connecticut), Rhode Island (Castro & Angell 2000;Castro et al 2006), and in southern Massachusetts (Glenn & Pugh 2006). Although animals with shell disease were reported in northern Massachusetts (2000-04; Glenn &Pugh 2006), New Hampshire, andMaine (2003-04;Wilson 2005), the level of shell disease has not reached the one observed in the most southern end of the lobster distribution (Long Island Sound and Rhode Island).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal organ pathology of wild American lobster (Homarus americanus) from eastern Canada affected with shell disease

Comeau

Benhalima

2009

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

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For the first time in decades, multiple lesions on the exoskeleton of wild caught American lobsters (Homarus americanus) were observed in eastern Canada in 2005 and 2006. These lesions were similar to those observed since the mid 1990s in the eastern United States. Of the 12 lobsters examined, 8 were males. Scanning electron microscopy showed a dense population of rod-shaped bacteria associated with the breakdown of the first layer of cuticle. However, the ability of bacteria to fully penetrate the carapace is unknown. The shell disease did not seem to be immediately fatal and was often associated with alterations in the histoarchitecture of several internal organs (i.e., testis, vas deferens, hepatopancreas, and gills). For instance, follicle cells responsible for spermatogenesis were damaged, resulting in deformed and non-viable spermatozoa in the testis and vas deferens. In contrast, the female reproductive organ did not show any abnormalities. R-cells responsible for the storage of lipids and glycogen in the hepatopancreas were severely damaged or destroyed, indicating stress and starvation. Beside necrosis and calcification of gill filaments, debris between the gill filaments was also observed that would limit ion exchange and cause metabolic exhaustion. It does not seem that shell disease was the causative agent or a vector for the pathological conditions of internal organs, but one of the symptoms of a common agent affecting the internal organs. Although shell disease was observed in several areas in eastern Canada, its prevalence M07111;

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Implications of Future Northwest Atlantic Bottom Temperatures on the American Lobster (Homarus americanus) Fishery

2017

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Sea surface temperatures of the northwest Atlantic have warmed dramatically over the last several decades, while benthic temperatures have increased at a slower pace. Here we analyze a subset of the CMIP5 global Earth system model ensemble using a statistical downscaling approach to determine potential future changes in benthic temperatures on the northwest Atlantic continental shelf and slope (<500 m). We put future changes in the context of possible impacts of ocean warming on the high‐value, wild‐caught American Lobster (Homarus americanus) fishery. Future bottom temperatures of the northwest Atlantic under a business‐as‐usual (RCP8.5) and a climate‐policy (RCP4.5) scenario are projected to increase by 0–1.5°C and 1.2–2.4°C by 2050 and 0–1.9°C and 2.3–4.3°C by the end of the century for RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively. H. americanus experiences thermal stress at temperatures above 20°C, and projected increases in temperature is likely to result in changes in the distribution of optimal thermal egg hatching and settlement indicators. Inshore regions of southern New England, where H. americanus biomass and catch have been declining historically, will likely become inhospitable under either future scenario, while thermal egg hatching and settlement indicators will expand offshore and in the Gulf of Maine. These changes imply that members of the fishery based in southern New England may need to recapitalize to larger vessels to prepare for potential changes brought on by future climate warming. Results from the downscaling presented here can be useful in preparing for potential changes to other fisheries or in future climate vulnerability analyses.

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Epizootic Shell Disease in American Lobster (Homarus Americanus) in Massachusetts Coastal Waters: Interactions of Temperature, Maturity, and Intermolt Duration

Cited by 112 publications

References 8 publications

Shell disease in Crangon crangon (Linnaeus, 1758): The interaction of temperature and stress response

Shell disease in Crangon crangon (Linnaeus, 1758): The interaction of temperature and stress response

Internal organ pathology of wild American lobster (Homarus americanus) from eastern Canada affected with shell disease

Implications of Future Northwest Atlantic Bottom Temperatures on the American Lobster (Homarus americanus) Fishery

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