Epizootic Vesicular Stomatitis in Colorado, 1982: Infection in Occupational Risk Groups

Js, Reif; Pa, Webb; Tp, Monath; Jk, Emerson; Jd, Poland; Ge, Kemp; Cholas, G

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1987.36.177

Cited by 54 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…VSV possesses numerous favourable characteristics as a vaccine expression vector, including ease of growth to high titre (>10 9 pfu/ml) in vitro , propagation in almost all mammalian cells, induction of strong humoral as well as cellular responses in vivo , and the capacity to elicit both mucosal and systemic immunity [57–60]. Furthermore, human infection with VSV is rare and not typically associated with serious disease, although VSV-associated encephalitis has been reported, so pre-existing immunity should not pose a problem [61–63]. …”

Section: Recombinant Gene-based Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects for immunisation against Marburg and Ebola viruses

Geisbert

Bausch

Feldmann

2010

Reviews in Medical Virology

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SUMMARY For more than 30 years the filoviruses, Marburg virus and Ebola virus, have been associated with periodic outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever that produce severe and often fatal disease. The filoviruses are endemic primarily in resource-poor regions in Central Africa and are also potential agents of bioterrorism. Although no vaccines or antiviral drugs for Marburg or Ebola are currently available, remarkable progress has been made over the last decade in developing candidate preventive vaccines against filoviruses in nonhuman primate models. Due to the generally remote locations of filovirus outbreaks, a single-injection vaccine is desirable. Among the prospective vaccines that have shown efficacy in nonhuman primate models of filoviral hemorrhagic fever, two candidates, one based on a replication-defective adenovirus serotype 5 and the other on a recombinant VSV (rVSV), were shown to provide complete protection to nonhuman primates when administered as a single injection. The rVSV-based vaccine has also shown utility when administered for postexposure prophylaxis against filovirus infections. A VSV-based Ebola vaccine was recently used to manage a potential laboratory exposure.

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Section: Recombinant Gene-based Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects for immunisation against Marburg and Ebola viruses

Geisbert

Bausch

Feldmann

2010

Reviews in Medical Virology

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“…Among VSV’s natural hosts are cattle, pigs, horses and other mammals and their insect vectors (Drolet et al, 2005; Hansen et al, 1985). Instances of VSV infection of humans are rare, but cases have been documented for agricultural and laboratory workers (Reif et al, 1987). VSV infection can cause mild flu-like symptoms in adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding and altering cell tropism of vesicular stomatitis virus

Hastie¹,

Cataldi²,

Marriott³

et al. 2013

Virus Research

116

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Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is a prototypic nonsegmented negative-strand RNA virus. VSV’s broad cell tropism makes it a popular model virus for many basic research applications. In addition, a lack of preexisting human immunity against VSV, inherent oncotropism and other features make VSV a widely used platform for vaccine and oncolytic vectors. However, VSV’s neurotropism that can result in viral encephalitis in experimental animals needs to be addressed for the use of the virus as a safe vector. Therefore, it is very important to understand the determinants of VSV tropism and develop strategies to alter it. VSV glycoprotein (G) and matrix (M) protein play major roles in its cell tropism. VSV G protein is responsible for VSV broad cell tropism and is often used for pseudotyping other viruses. VSV M affects cell tropism via evasion of antiviral responses, and M mutants can be used to limit cell tropism to cell types defective in interferon signaling. In addition, other VSV proteins and host proteins may function as determinants of VSV cell tropism. Various approaches have been successfully used to alter VSV tropism to benefit basic research and clinically relevant applications.

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“…Human infection with VSV is rare in most regions of the world except in certain regions of Central and South America where VSV is endemic. Where VSV infection does occur, it is typically asymptomatic or is associated with an acute influenza-like illness with symptoms such as fever, muscle aches, and malaise [4, 5]. Thus, the general population is largely free of pre-existing, virus-neutralizing immunity—a factor that has limited the clinical utility of HIV-1 vaccines based on adenovirus subtype 5 [6, 7].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

First-in-Human Evaluation of the Safety and Immunogenicity of a Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 gag Vaccine (HVTN 090)

Fuchs

Frank

Elizaga

et al. 2015

Open Forum Infectious Diseases

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Background. We report the first-in-human safety and immunogenicity evaluation of a highly attenuated, replication-competent recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 vaccine.Methods. Sixty healthy, HIV-1-uninfected adults were enrolled in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled dose-escalation study. Groups of 12 participants received rVSV HIV-1 gag vaccine at 5 dose levels (4.6 × 103 to 3.4 × 107 particle forming units) (N = 10/group) or placebo (N = 2/group), delivered intramuscularly as bilateral injections at 0 and 2 months. Safety monitoring included VSV cultures from blood, urine, saliva, and swabs of oral lesions. Vesicular stomatitis virus-neutralizing antibodies, T-cell immunogenicity, and HIV-1 specific binding antibodies were assessed.Results. Local and systemic reactogenicity symptoms were mild to moderate and increased with dose. No severe reactogenicity or product-related serious adverse events were reported, and all rVSV cultures were negative. All vaccine recipients became seropositive for VSV after 2 vaccinations. gag-specific T-cell responses were detected in 63% of participants by interferon-γ enzyme-linked immunospot at the highest dose post boost.Conclusions. An attenuated replication-competent rVSV gag vaccine has an acceptable safety profile in healthy adults. This rVSV vector is a promising new vaccine platform for the development of vaccines to combat HIV-1 and other serious human diseases.

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Epizootic Vesicular Stomatitis in Colorado, 1982: Infection in Occupational Risk Groups

Cited by 54 publications

References 0 publications

Prospects for immunisation against Marburg and Ebola viruses

Prospects for immunisation against Marburg and Ebola viruses

Understanding and altering cell tropism of vesicular stomatitis virus

First-in-Human Evaluation of the Safety and Immunogenicity of a Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 gag Vaccine (HVTN 090)

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