Epizootiological characteristics of viable bacteria and fungi in indoor air from porcine, chicken, or bovine husbandry confinement buildings

Roque, Katharine; Lim, GyeongDong; Jo, Jihoon; Shin, Kyung-Min; Song, EunSeob; Gautam, Ravi; Kim, ChangYul; Lee, Kyungsuk; Shin, Seung Won; Yoo, Han Sang; Heo, Yong; Kim, Hyoung-Ah

doi:10.4142/jvs.2016.17.4.531

Cited by 35 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…There are no published studies available which provide data on endotoxins for the unit "EU/m 3 " in farrowing rooms. Maximum values of endotoxin levels of other production stages in pig farming were reported to achieve 238.0 EU/m 3 in Australian piggeries [33], 933.2 EU/m 3 in fattening houses in Europe [34], and 818.0 EU/m 3 in nursery houses in Taiwan [35]. Compared to these studies, the endotoxin levels in our study were higher.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 75%

Comparison of Two Free-Farrowing Systems and a Conventional Farrowing Crate System with Special Regard to Air Hygiene

et al. 2019

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The aim of this study was to analyze the air quality in two different commercially available free-farrowing systems in comparison with a conventional farrowing crate system. A group housing system for six lactating sows (GH) and a single loose-housing system (LH) were tested against systems with farrowing crates (FC) under similar conditions. In eight evaluated batches with 148 farrowings, measurements were performed at the beginning, in the middle, and at the end of the occupancy period of 33 days. The mean dust concentration was significantly higher in GH than in LH and FC at the mid-point. The mean ammonia concentration was significantly higher in GH compared to LH and FC at the beginning of occupancy. The mean concentration of endotoxins was significantly higher in FC than in LH and GH at the end of occupancy. Furthermore, the systems did not differ significantly from each other. Spearman’s analysis revealed correlations between dust and time of occupancy, between ammonia and carbon dioxide, and between ammonia and the inside temperature and outside temperature. The new husbandry systems offer animals more opportunities to move without endangering animal welfare through deteriorated air hygiene.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 75%

Comparison of Two Free-Farrowing Systems and a Conventional Farrowing Crate System with Special Regard to Air Hygiene

et al. 2019

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“…Endotoxin concentrations in dust were measured as described previously [ 32 33 35 ]. Briefly, endotoxin was extracted from the filters by adding 3 mL of endotoxin-free LAL water (Lonza, USA) with 0.5% Tween 20 followed by shaking for 1 h at 350 r/min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is partly due to their heat resistance, which allows them to persist in the environment even under extreme conditions [ 21 ]. Airborne endotoxin levels can be estimated by using the limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay, which measures endotoxin levels as functional (bioactive) endotoxin units (EUs) per cubic meter of air (EU/m 3 ) [ 33 35 ]. There is still no internationally accepted endotoxin exposure threshold that indicates safe levels of exposure, even in humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, we reported that indoor dust endotoxin levels in swine-confinement facilities do not associate significantly with the isolation of Gram-negative bacteria from the air in these buildings [ 33 ]. This suggests that when assessing the effect of endotoxins on the health of animals or workers, indoor endotoxin levels may be a more useful measure of endotoxin exposure than isolation of Gram-negative bacteria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between endotoxin levels in dust from indoor swine housing environments and the immune responses of pigs

Roque

Shin

et al. 2018

J Vet Sci

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Indoor animal husbandry environments are inevitably contaminated with endotoxins. Endotoxin exposure is associated with various inflammatory illnesses in animals. This cross-sectional study evaluated the relationship between the degree of endotoxin exposure and the cellular and humoral immune profiles of fattening pigs. Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein of 47 pigs from ten pig farms in Korea. Whole blood cell counts and plasma immunoglobulin (Ig) classes were determined. Peripheral-blood mononuclear cells were stimulated in vitro with concanavalin A for 48 h, and cytokines released into culture supernatants were measured. The barns in which the pigs lived were assessed for endotoxin levels in the total and respirable dust by using the limulus amebocyte lysate kinetic QCL method. Low and high endotoxin exposures were defined as ≤ 30 and > 30 EU/m3, respectively. Compared to pigs with low endotoxin exposure (n = 19), highly exposed pigs (n = 28) had higher circulating neutrophil and lymphocyte (particularly B cells) counts, IgG and IgE levels, interferon-gamma (IFNγ) and interleukin (IL)-4 productions, and lower IgA levels and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) production. The IL-4, IFNγ, and TNFα levels significantly correlated with endotoxin level and/or pig age. Constant exposure of pigs to high levels of airborne endotoxins can lead to aberrant immune profiles.

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“…Moreover, cleaning practices, age of buildings, temperature and ventilation rate also exacerbate dust emissions (Banhazi et al, 2008). The emission from these facilities can be a source of various infectious and non-infectious diseases that may have a significant impact on the health of employees as well as nearby communities (Bonlokke et al, 2009;Barberan et al, 2015;Roque et al, 2016). Poultry workers are likely to be exposed to high organic dust, hence, there is an increased likelihood for the prevalence of various respiratory problems like upper respiratory irritation, chronic bronchitis, Organic Dust Toxic Syndrome (ODTS) and asthma-like symptoms among them, due to bioaerosol exposure in these facilities (Donham et al, 2000;Radon et al, 2001;Oppliger et al, 2008;Just et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Bioaerosols in Controlled Environment Broiler Houses at Different Stages of Growth

Yasmeen¹,

Ali²,

Afzal³

et al. 2020

THE JAPS

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Poultry is critical in fulfilling the protein requirements of the growing populations across the world. However, concerns about the public and environmental health impacts of bioaerosols emissions from intensive poultry facilities are increasing. In the present study, characterization of bioaerosols from air and litter samples was carried out using both culture and non-culture based methods (Flow cytometry). Eighteen controlled environment broiler houses (with approximate 27000 birds) were investigated and categorized into three groups on the basis of age: group I (1-20 days), group II (21-30 days) and group III (31-40 days). The air samples were collected on a polycarbonate filter using a volumetric pump at a height of 1.5 m both indoor and outdoor of the houses. The litter samples were collected from the floor in sterilized falcon tubes. An increase in the bacterial and fungal count was observed with the age of birds for both indoor air and litter samples. The bacteria found in the litter were reflected in the air but for fungal count, no such association was noticed. Outdoor air samples showed low microbial count as compared to indoor ones. Higher concentrations were recorded for the indoor and outdoor environment with the flow cytometry as compared to culturebased methods.

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Epizootiological characteristics of viable bacteria and fungi in indoor air from porcine, chicken, or bovine husbandry confinement buildings

Cited by 35 publications

References 30 publications

Comparison of Two Free-Farrowing Systems and a Conventional Farrowing Crate System with Special Regard to Air Hygiene

Comparison of Two Free-Farrowing Systems and a Conventional Farrowing Crate System with Special Regard to Air Hygiene

Association between endotoxin levels in dust from indoor swine housing environments and the immune responses of pigs

Characterization of Bioaerosols in Controlled Environment Broiler Houses at Different Stages of Growth

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