Epizootiology of Trypanosoma Cruzi in Southwestern North America Part XII: Does Gause's Rule Apply to the Ectoparasitic Triatominae? (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) (Kinetoplastidae: Trypanosomidae) (Rodentia: Cricetidae)1

Ryckman, Raymond E.; Ryckman, Joseph V.

doi:10.1093/jmedent/4.3.379

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Specimens of T. lecticularia from New Mexico have been reported, but specific location information was not provided (254,296). T. lecticularia had been variously classified as a subspecies of as well as synonymized with T. sanguisuga (151,195,256,312,345). In early reports, this species was described as a nuisance species, commonly found in well-constructed homes of central Texas (218).…”

Section: Description Of Us Triatomine Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Human bite encounters, including hypersensitivity reactions due to T. rubida, continue to be a public health issue in Arizona (152,226,237). This species has been frequently collected from woodrat nests throughout its range (96,256,321,332,336). It can be distinguished morphologically from other species in its range by the first antennal segment, which reaches or surpasses the tip of the head.…”

Section: Description Of Us Triatomine Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trypanosoma cruzi and Chagas' Disease in the United States

et al. 2011

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SUMMARY Chagas' disease is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and causes potentially life-threatening disease of the heart and gastrointestinal tract. The southern half of the United States contains enzootic cycles of T. cruzi , involving 11 recognized triatomine vector species. The greatest vector diversity and density occur in the western United States, where woodrats are the most common reservoir; other rodents, raccoons, skunks, and coyotes are also infected with T. cruzi. In the eastern United States, the prevalence of T. cruzi is highest in raccoons, opossums, armadillos, and skunks. A total of 7 autochthonous vector-borne human infections have been reported in Texas, California, Tennessee, and Louisiana; many others are thought to go unrecognized. Nevertheless, most T. cruzi -infected individuals in the United States are immigrants from areas of endemicity in Latin America. Seven transfusion-associated and 6 organ donor-derived T. cruzi infections have been documented in the United States and Canada. As improved control of vector- and blood-borne T. cruzi transmission decreases the burden in countries where the disease is historically endemic and imported Chagas' disease is increasingly recognized outside Latin America, the United States can play an important role in addressing the altered epidemiology of Chagas' disease in the 21st century.

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Section: Description Of Us Triatomine Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Description Of Us Triatomine Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trypanosoma cruzi and Chagas' Disease in the United States

et al. 2011

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“…Molecular and morphological data suggest that the T. cruzi disease cycle, including the parasite, bug vectors, and susceptible mammalian hosts, became established in the United States long before the arrival of humans (Briones et al 1999, Schofield 1988. The data on prevalence of T. cruzi in U.S. vectors are primarily derived from specimens collected in Texas, California, and Arizona with rates ranging from 17-48%, 14-40%, and 7.1-20.5%, respectively (Burkholder et al 1980, Pippin 1970, Ryckman and Ryckman 1967, Sullivan et al 1949, Wood 1949, 1975, Wood and Wood 1964. T. cruziinfected vectors have also been found in Florida (Beard et al 1988), Georgia (Pung et al 1995), Alabama (Olsen et al 1964), Tennessee (Herwaldt et al 2000), and Louisiana (Yaeger 1961).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Usinger (1944) and Lent and Wygodzinsky (1979) rarely provide U.S. species distribution data below the state level in their widely cited works on Triatominae. Prior to 1970, several notations on field collections of U.S. triatomine species and corresponding T. cruzi infection rates were reported (Eads et al 1963, Ryckman and Ryckman 1967, Sullivan et al 1949, Wood 1941a, 1941b, 1941c, but these surveys were focused in small regions of the southwestern states. In the past three decades, little additional data have been reported to allow for accurate estimates of current triatomine distribution and infection prevalence in the United States.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeography andTrypanosoma cruziInfection Prevalence of Chagas Disease Vectors in Texas, USA

Kjos

Snowden

Olson

2009

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

118

107

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Data were pooled from multiple sources including newly collected triatomine specimens, preserved specimens, government reports, and scientific articles to create a biogeographical profile of triatomine vector species found in Texas. Triatomine specimens were documented in 97 of 254 counties, and Trypanosoma cruzi-infected specimens were reported from 48 counties. Triatomine specimens were distributed in 11 of the 12 ecoregions in Texas, with all but one species found in multiple ecoregions. Of the 241 newly collected specimens, 50.74% were infected with T. cruzi. Triatoma gerstaeckeri was the most frequently collected and most geographically dispersed species followed by T. sanguisuga. Three species, T. gerstaeckeri, T. sanguisuga, and T. lecticularia, were associated with human dwellings, and over half of the new specimens found inside or near houses were infected with T. cruzi. Chagas disease vectors in Texas are widely distributed and have adapted to ecologically diverse settings. The high T. cruzi infection prevalence of specimens found in close proximity to human settings suggests the presence of an active peridomestic Chagas disease transmission cycle.

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“…His family frequently traveled with him, and he published several articles with his sons ( 8 – 10 ). Ryckman credits his wife with careful and patient review of his manuscripts before submission.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%