Epizootological monitoring and features of the clinical manifestations of canine parvoviral enteritis

Abstract

Canine parvovirus enteritis is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in young dogs worldwide. Parvovirus infection in dogs was first recorded in Belgium in 1976, and later cases of the disease appeared in the USA, Australia, and European countries. Currently, parvovirus infection in dogs is quite common in Ukraine and other European countries and is the subject of research by many scientists. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to analyze the spread of canine parvovirus enteritis in different countries of the world, to clarify the clinical and epizootological features of canine parvovirus in the service area of the veterinary clinic "Veles" (Makariv village). To study the distribution and epizootic situation of canine parvovirus enteritis in the countries of the world, information sources such as the MDPI Open Access Journals website, Google Scholar, the portal of Croatian scientific and technical journals Hrčak, the scientific portal ResearchGate and the international journal ScienceDirect were used. Based on the registration records of sick animals in the Veterinary Clinic "Veles" for the year 2023, an analysis of epizootologic features and clinical manifestations of parvovirus in 360 dogs was performed. As a result of the research, it was established that parvovirus infection occurs in 52.5% of dogs. Among the infectious patients in the clinic, there were also cases of adenovirus - 43,7%, carnivore plague - 3%, and leptospirosis - 0,7%. When analyzing the breed susceptibility to parvovirus enteritis, out of 360 dogs, the disease was most often detected in purebred dogs - 294 (81.7%), huskies - 14 (3.9%), Belgian shepherds - 10 (2.8%), and collies - 12 (3.3%). The study of seasonality showed that the peak of morbidity in the fall occurs in the spring, summer (March-June), and fall (September-November). An analysis of age susceptibility shows that parvovirus enteritis occurred most frequently in dogs aged 2 to 18 months (83%). The study of the features of the clinical manifestation of the disease showed that parvovirus infection manifests itself in 3 forms depending on the dominant localization of the virus - cardiac (myocarditis), intestinal (enteritis), and mixed. The study of the characteristics of the clinical manifestation of the disease showed that the intestinal form of the disease is most often registered, which occupies more than 77% of the structure of the clinical manifestation of the disease, the cardiac form - 10.6%, and is usually observed in puppies under the age of 2 months, and the mixed form - 12.2% of the total number of sick animals and occurs in dogs with a weakened immune system, unvaccinated animals. Diagnosis is made based on anamnesis, clinical signs, epizootological and laboratory data, in particular, detection of viral protein antigen by immunochromatographic express test or determination of antibody titer by IFA diagnostics. The mortality rate of parvovirus enteritis in dogs at the veterinary clinic was 16.7% (60 animals died), therefore the key to the recovery of the animal is a timely visit to the veterinarian and the appointment of the necessary treatment