Época e intensidade de poda no desenvolvimento e produção de amoreira-preta cv. Xavante cultivada em sistema orgânico

Abstract

The practice of winter pruning, held in temperate fruit, has great influence on the development and production of these crops. Changes in pruning system may result in significant changes in the time of harvest, yield and fruit quality.This study aimed to evaluate the effects of time and intensity of pruning in the development and production of blackberry cv. Xavante in organic production system. The experiment was conducted during the crop year 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 in the experimental orchard of the State University of Centro-Oeste (Unicentro)Guarapuava - PR. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with five replications in a 2x2 factorial design, with two pruning times: early and late, and two intensities of pruning side branches: short and long, a total of four treatments. The variables analyzed were: budding percentage (%), percentage of flowering (%), average fruit weight (g), number of fruits, total soluble solids (°brix), yield (kg), estimated yield (kg ha-1) and early yield (kg plant-1 and %). The time and intensity of pruning did not influence the average fruit weight and soluble solids. Early pruning can be a good strategy to obtain higher yields in early harvest. Early and long pruning is recommended in the most productive terms.

Pruning intensity on blackberry phenology and production

“…As for the fresh mass of the fruits (Table 2), an important characteristic for their marketing in natura (Ferreira et al, 2016), only the treatment with 4 stems differed from the others, with the lowest mass, however the results found in this work, are similar to those reported by Marchi et al (2015), in Guarapuava, PR, Brazil, in which they evaluated the time and intensity of pruning in the development of blackberry cv. Xavante, and obtained an average fruit mass of 4.1 g in the 2010/201 harvest.…”

“…Regarding the number of fruits per plant (Table 2), it was observed that the treatment with 8 stems per plant was the most satisfactory, considering that these did not lose in mass. More intense pruning can result in lower productivity, due to the reduction of floral buds (Calai et al, 2020), however, for all treatments, the number of fruits per plant was relatively low when compared to other studies, such as Broetto et al (2009) and Marchi et al (2015). This may have occurred due to atypical conditions during the execution of the work, in which the plants took about 45 days after pruning to start flowering, when, during this period, the days were already hot, so it was necessary to use irrigation, which resulted in plants with high vegetative vigor, and consequent reduction of the productive period.…”

“…Because they are plants that produce on year branches, which are eliminated after harvest (Strik, 2018), pruning becomes a major cultural management. According to Marchi et al (2015), the goal of this management is to regulate plant vigor in search of satisfactory and good quality production. This practice is carried out in two moments, in summer, eliminating the stems that have produced and shortening the new stems emerging from the soil, and in winter, reducing the lateral stems.…”

“…In search of improvements and solutions to crop impediments, several authors such as Tullio & Ayub (2013), Antunes et al (2014), Marchi et al (2015), and Lugaresi et al (2018), have studied variations in the pruning system, seeking to find ideal combinations for good production and fruit quality in winter pruning. However, this study has not yet been carried out in the western region of Paraná, which presents distinct climatic conditions.…”

Fluxos De Energia Radiante Em Cultivos De Amora-Preta ‘Tupy’

“…A produtividade obtida nesta pesquisa atende as expectativas para a amora-preta 'Tupy' pois, segundo Antunes et al (2014), a produtividade média brasileira varia de 10.600 Kg ha -1 a 16.300 Kg ha -1 , superando os 5.169 Kg ha -1 obtidos por Antunes et al (2010), na mesma região e corroboram com o resultados observados por Campagnolo e Pio ( 2012), para a região oeste do Paraná, os quais observaram que poda realizada em meados de julho é mais indicada do que poda tardia que pode prejudicar o desempenho produtivo da cultura, devido aos maiores riscos de exposição da cultura ao déficit hídrico e granizo. Ainda, em duas safras de cultivo da amora 'Xavante', em Guarapuava, no estado do Paraná, Marchi et al (2015) observaram que o atraso da poda, de início para o fim do mês de agosto, resultou em decréscimo na produtividade na ordem de 19% numa safra e de 24% safra seguinte.…”