Epoxidation and hydroxlation of rubber seed oil: one‐pot multi‐step reactions

Okieimen, F. E.; Pavithran, C.; Bakare, I. O.

doi:10.1002/ejlt.200401126

Cited by 89 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In the current work, less OOC was obtained, which may be due to higher acid value of castor oil. Okieimen et al [45] observed similar results during their study on epoxidation of high acid value rubber seed oil. Hence, 60°C temperature was considered as suitable for epoxidation of CO, when molar ratio of unsaturation: acetic acid: hydrogen peroxide was 1:0.5:1.5 and catalysts loading 15 wt%.…”

Section: Influence Of Various Process Variables On Maximum Oocsupporting

confidence: 54%

Response surface methodology for optimization of bio‐lubricant basestock synthesis from high free fatty acids castor oil

Borugadda

Goud

2015

Energy Science & Engineering

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In this paper, an eco-friendly single-step process for the synthesis of biolubricant basestock from high free fatty acid (FFA) castor oil (CO) via epoxidation reaction was investigated. Influence of various process parameters on the structural modification of CO and their interaction with the maximum oxirane oxygen content (OOC) was optimized. Central composite design (CCD) as one of the tools in response surface methodology (RSM) was used to evaluate the effects of process variables on maximum OOC. Iodine value (IV) and OOC was used to monitor the progress of epoxidation. From the RSM study, the optimal condition inferred was H 2 O 2 , 1.65 mol; catalyst loading, 15.14 wt%; temperature, 52.81°C; and reaction time, 2.81 h. At this optimum condition, OOC was found to be 3.85 mass%. Further, the epoxide product was confirmed by 1 H, 13 C NMR spectral technique and OOC was determined by the standard HBr method. Finally, the significant physico-chemical properties for the prepared epoxide were determined and compared with the castor oil. 372

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Section: Influence Of Various Process Variables On Maximum Oocsupporting

confidence: 54%

Response surface methodology for optimization of bio‐lubricant basestock synthesis from high free fatty acids castor oil

Borugadda

Goud

2015

Energy Science & Engineering

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“…Dioctyl phthalate (DOP) (Merck) (refractive index 1.4399 and density 0.993g/cm 3 ) was used as plasticizer. Epoxidized rubber seed oil (ERSO) (4.5% oxirane content) was prepared in our laboratory as described in a previous communication [11]. The barium, cadmium, calcium and zinc soaps of rubber seed oil used in this study were prepared by metathesis in aqueous alcohol as described previously [12].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies in the Utilization of Biobased Additives as Thermal Stabilizer for Plasticized PVC

Okieimen

Egbuchunam

Balköse

2009

AMR

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Abstract. Divalent metal (barium, cadmium, calcium and zinc) soaps of rubber seed oil and their binary mixtures (Ba/Cd and Ca/Zn) and epoxidized rubber seed oil (4.5% epoxide content) and its admixtures with the single divalent metal soaps were evaluated as thermal stabilizer for dioctylphthalate plasticized PVC using changes in discolouration indices (yellowness index and UV absorption at 360nm) and initial rates of dehydrochlorination measured at 140 and 160 o C. The results obtained showed that the divalent metal soaps were relatively effective in stabilizing the dioctylphthalate plasticized PVC against thermal degradation and that the binary soap mixtures enhanced the heat stabilizing effectiveness: marked reduction in the values of the discolouration indices; longer dehydrochlorination induction period and smaller values of rate constant of initial rate of dehydrochlorination. It was found that epoxidized rubber seed oil was less effective in comparison with the divalent metal soaps in stabilizing plasticized PVC against thermal degradation. These results show that the bio-based additives are compatible with dioctylphthalate plasticized PVC, stable to heat within the range of temperature used in the processing of plasticized PVC, inhibit/retard dehydrochlorination and reduce the extent of degradation.

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“…These includes epoxidation with percarboxylic acid generated in situ in the presence of acids or enzymes as catalysts [14], epoxidation with organic and inorganic oxidants such as potassium peroxomonosulphate, meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid and ethyl methydioxirane [15,16], epoxidation with halohydrins for the epoxidation of olefins with electron-deficient double bonds and epoxidation with molecular oxygen [17]. From process, environmental safety and efficiency point of view epoxidation of vegetable oils in one step, i.e., with peroxy acid generated in situ from carboxylic acid (formic/acetic acid) with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of acid catalyst is widely used on an industrial scale.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epoxidation of Vernonia Oil in Acidic Ion Exchange Resin

Desalegn¹

2017

AJAC

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Abstract:In this study epoxidized vernonia oil (EVO) was synthesized by the epoxidation of vernonia oil using peroxyformic acid, formed in situ by the reaction of hydrogen peroxide and formic acid in the presence of an acidic ion exchange resin (Amberlite IR-120 hydrogen form) as the catalyst. This method of epoxidation has resulted in product with about 78% conversion. Acid exchange resin catalyzed epoxidation reactions are found to be promising in minimizing oxirane ring opening.

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Epoxidation and hydroxlation of rubber seed oil: one‐pot multi‐step reactions

Cited by 89 publications

References 14 publications

Response surface methodology for optimization of bio‐lubricant basestock synthesis from high free fatty acids castor oil

Response surface methodology for optimization of bio‐lubricant basestock synthesis from high free fatty acids castor oil

Studies in the Utilization of Biobased Additives as Thermal Stabilizer for Plasticized PVC

Epoxidation of Vernonia Oil in Acidic Ion Exchange Resin

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