Epoxidation of Castor Oil Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (COFAME) as a Lubricant base Stock Using Heterogeneous Ion-exchange Resin (IR-120) as a Catalyst

Borugadda, Venu Babu; Goud, Vaibhav V.

doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2014.07.249

Cited by 111 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Epoxidized castor oil was showed to possess enhanced properties of lubricity like higher density, kinematic viscosity and pour point. This is probably due to the stronger interaction between the molecules of the epoxides (Borugadda and Goud, 2014).…”

Section: Lubricantmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mungroo et al (2008) and Dinda et al (2008) studied the catalytic activity of AIER on the epoxidation of canola and cottonseed oil, respectively, using peroxyacetic acid as the oxidant with good oxirane conversion, up to 65%, and selectivity as high as 90%. Borugadda and Goud (2014) reported the epoxidation of castor oil fatty acid methyl esters using Amberlite IR-120(H) for the synthesis of biolubricant base stock. This catalyst, however, has some disadvantages which limit its application for large scale production, such as high mass transfer resistance, long reaction time, high cost and nonuniform acid sites (Cai and Wang, 2011).…”

Section: Acidic Ionic Exchange Resins (Aier)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modification of olefinic double bonds of unsaturated fatty acids and other vegetable oil derivatives via epoxidation: A review

et al. 2017

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SUMMARY:The highly strained ring in epoxides makes these compounds very versatile intermediates. Epoxidized vegetable oils are gaining a lot of attention as renewable and environmentally friendly feedstock with various industrial applications such as plasticizers, lubricant base oils, surfactants, etc. Numerous papers have been published on the development of the epoxidation methods and the number is still growing. This review reports the synthetic approaches and applications of epoxidized vegetable oils. KEYWORDS: Epoxidation; Renewable feedstock; Unsaturated fatty acids; Vegetable Oils RESUMEN:Modificación del doble enlace olefínico en ácidos grasos insaturados y en derivados de aceites vegetales via epoxidación: Revisión. La alta tensión del anillo en los epóxidos hace que estos compuestos intermediarios sean muy versátiles. Los aceites vegetales epoxidados están ganando mucha atención como materia prima renovable y respetuosa con el medio ambiente con diversas aplicaciones industriales, tales como plastificantes, aceites base para lubricantes, tensioactivos, etc. Por esta razón, se han publicado numerosos trabajos sobre el desarrollo de métodos de epoxidación y el número todavía es creciente. Esta revisión aporta información sobre enfoques sintéticos y aplicaciones de aceites vegetales epoxidados.

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Section: Lubricantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Acidic Ionic Exchange Resins (Aier)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of olefinic double bonds of unsaturated fatty acids and other vegetable oil derivatives via epoxidation: A review

et al. 2017

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“…Fatty acids present in vegetable oils are mostly long and straight-chained with unconjugated double bonds, and most of these unsaturated fatty acids possess a cis configuration ( Figure 1). However, some fatty acid chains, such as ricinoleic and vernolic acids, contain hydroxyl and epoxy functional groups, respectively [29,30]. In the triglycerides of vegetable oils, such as soybean, sunflower, palm, linseed, etc., oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid predominate.…”

Section: Chemical and Physical Properties/characteristics Of Vegetablmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Linseed oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, castor oil, and so forth contain more than 80% unsaturated acids, and therefore can easily be chemically modified. So the derivatives of these oils are largely applied to formulate biolubricants (base stocks/additives) [17,18,20,21,29].…”

Section: Chemical and Physical Properties/characteristics Of Vegetablmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemically Modifying Vegetable Oils to Prepare Green Lubricants

2017

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Chemically modifying vegetable oils to produce an alternative to petroleum-based materials is one of the most important emerging industrial research areas today because of the adverse effects of petroleum products on the environment and the shortage of petroleum resources. Biolubricants, bioplasticizers, non-isocyanate polyurethanes, biofuel, coating materials, biocomposites, and other value-added chemicals can easily be produced by chemically modifying vegetable oils. This short review discusses using vegetable oils or their derivatives to prepare lubricants that are environmentally safe. Chemically modified vegetable oils are generally used as base fluids to formulate environmentally friendly lubricants. Reports of their application as sustainable additives have attracted special attention recently because of their enhanced multifunctional performances (single additives perform several functions, i.e., viscosity index improver, pour point depressant, antiwear products) and biodegradability compared with commercial additives. Here, we have reviewed the use of chemically modified vegetable oils as base fluids and additives to prepare a cost-effective and environmentally friendly lubricant composition.

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“…Till date, many studies are available in the literature on structural modification of different plant seed oils and their methyl esters to prepare lubricant basestock by various methods, such as epoxidation (chemical or structural modification) [19], genetic modification [20], blending with additives [21], and hydrogenation of double bonds [22]. Among these methods, one of the most significant methods is hydrogenation of unsaturated double bonds in vegetable oils and its methyl esters [23,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response surface methodology for optimization of bio‐lubricant basestock synthesis from high free fatty acids castor oil

Borugadda

Goud

2015

Energy Science & Engineering

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In this paper, an eco-friendly single-step process for the synthesis of biolubricant basestock from high free fatty acid (FFA) castor oil (CO) via epoxidation reaction was investigated. Influence of various process parameters on the structural modification of CO and their interaction with the maximum oxirane oxygen content (OOC) was optimized. Central composite design (CCD) as one of the tools in response surface methodology (RSM) was used to evaluate the effects of process variables on maximum OOC. Iodine value (IV) and OOC was used to monitor the progress of epoxidation. From the RSM study, the optimal condition inferred was H 2 O 2 , 1.65 mol; catalyst loading, 15.14 wt%; temperature, 52.81°C; and reaction time, 2.81 h. At this optimum condition, OOC was found to be 3.85 mass%. Further, the epoxide product was confirmed by 1 H, 13 C NMR spectral technique and OOC was determined by the standard HBr method. Finally, the significant physico-chemical properties for the prepared epoxide were determined and compared with the castor oil. 372

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Epoxidation of Castor Oil Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (COFAME) as a Lubricant base Stock Using Heterogeneous Ion-exchange Resin (IR-120) as a Catalyst

Cited by 111 publications

References 16 publications

Modification of olefinic double bonds of unsaturated fatty acids and other vegetable oil derivatives via epoxidation: A review

Modification of olefinic double bonds of unsaturated fatty acids and other vegetable oil derivatives via epoxidation: A review

Chemically Modifying Vegetable Oils to Prepare Green Lubricants

Response surface methodology for optimization of bio‐lubricant basestock synthesis from high free fatty acids castor oil

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