Epoxide-substituted vinyl and acrylate copolymers

Simms, John A.

doi:10.1002/app.1961.070051309

Cited by 49 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Our results in Table 2 (lines 1-3) show a significant temperature effect on the reactivity ratios because they increase with reaction temperature, which means that the activation energy of each homopropagation step is larger than that of the cross-propagation step. The values of Dhal [4] and Simms [5] (lines 4-5) do not fit into this sequence perhaps due to other evaluation methods of the copolymerization parameters.…”

Section: S/gma Batch Copolymerization To Low Monomer Conversionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The parameters of Equation (7) and (8) can then be graphically evaluated from the intercept and slope of the [5] Figure 2. Instantaneous copolymer composition F 2 in the freeradical copolymerization of S/GMA in bulk, depending on the monomer solution composition f 2 (cf.…”

Section: S/gma Batch Copolymerization To Low Monomer Conversionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 3 shows that the results of this work are not in good agreement (especially for S) with the literature data. This may be due to different method of determination of the reactivity ratios (Yezrielev-Brokhima (YBR) [4] or M-L method [5] ), or to an initiation of the S/GMA copolymerization with an initiator such as 2,29-azoisobutyronitrile (AIBN). From the Arrhenius plots in Figure 3 the following expressions for the temperature dependence of the reactivity ratios can be derived: ln r 1 = 1.6004 -1220.7/T (correlation coefficient -0.946) (9) ln r 2 = 0.7361 -455.2/T (correlation coefficient -0.996) (10) where T is the absolute temperature.…”

Section: S/gma Batch Copolymerization To Low Monomer Conversionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, copolymerization reactivity ratios of S and GMA have to be known to be able to design, optimize, and control reactors for the production of such S/GMA copolymers. Up to now these reactivity ratios were determined only in bulk at 60 8C [4] and 65 8C [5] and in chlorobenzene [6,7] at 60 8C, that is, at temperatures much too low for our purposes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Batch and Continuous Thermal Free‐Radical Copolymerization of Styrene with Glycidyl Methacrylate at High Reaction Temperatures

Wolf

Bandermann²,

Schwede

2002

Macromol. Chem. Phys.

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Section: S/gma Batch Copolymerization To Low Monomer Conversionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: S/gma Batch Copolymerization To Low Monomer Conversionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: S/gma Batch Copolymerization To Low Monomer Conversionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Batch and Continuous Thermal Free‐Radical Copolymerization of Styrene with Glycidyl Methacrylate at High Reaction Temperatures

Wolf

Bandermann²,

Schwede

2002

Macromol. Chem. Phys.

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“…8,9 Halogenated copolymer acrylates were employed for synthesizing electroactive polymers for the preparation of polymeric reagents carrying piperazine and isonitrile functionalities. 10,11 Phenyl acrylates were used as polymer supports for various chemical reactions.…”

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confidence: 99%

Copolymerization of 4-chlorophenyl acrylate with methyl acrylate: synthesis, characterization, reactivity ratios, and their applications in the leather industry

Thamizharasi

Srinivas

Sulochana

et al. 1999

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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4-Chlorophenyl acrylate (CPA) was prepared by reacting 4-chlorophenol and acryloyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine in ethyl acetate solution. Poly(4-chlorophenyl acrylate) and copoly(4-chlorophenyl acrylate-methyl acrylate) were synthesized by the free radical polymerization in ethyl acetate at 70°C. All the polymers were characterized by infrared (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic techniques. The composition of the copolymers was determined by the 1 H-NMR spectroscopic technique, that is, by integrating the aromatic peaks corresponding to the 4-chlorophenyl acrylate unit against the carbomethoxy group in the methyl acrylate unit. The reactivity ratios were calculated by Fineman-Ross, Kelen-Tudos (K-T), and the extended Kelen-Tudos methods. The values of r 1 and r 2 obtained by these methods were in close agreement with each other; that is, r 1 (CPA) ϭ 0.64 and r 2 (MA) ϭ 0.13 by the K-T method. The number-average molecular weight (M n ϭ 1.55 ϫ 10 3 ), the weight-average molecular weight (M w ϭ 8.39 ϫ 10 3 ), and the polydispersity index (M w /M n ϭ 5.42) of poly(CPA) were determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Thermal properties of the polymers were studied in a nitrogen atmosphere using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). As the CPA increases in the copolymer, thermal stability of the copolymer increases (e.g., 90% weight loss occurs at 480°C for 20 mol % CPA, whereas the same weight loss occurs at 571°C for 80 mol % CPA). Acrylic binders, based on the CPA-MA-BA terpolymer, of different glass transition temperatures were prepared for applications in leather industry as top coat and base coat materials. These acrylic emulsions were cast into thin films, and their characteristics were tested for physical properties. These acrylic emulsions were applied as a base coat on leather, and the compositions having T g values of 1.08 and 9.25°C were found to have excellent properties as base coats for leather when compared with commercial samples.

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Acrylic Elastomers, Survey

Starmer¹,

Wolf²

2008

Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology

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Acrylic elastomers have the ASTM designation ACM for polymers of ethyl acrylate and other acrylates, and ANM for copolymers of ethyl or other acrylates with acrylonitrile. In both cases, the M indicates a polymer having a saturated chain of the polymethylene type. The combination of a saturated backbone with polar side chains results in a class of polymers with very good resistance to heat and oil, including oils containing hypoid additives. Acrylic elastomers also have good resistance to sunlight and ozone. Ethylene–acrylic elastomers are discussed in a separate article. The first acrylic elastomers were homopolymers of either ethyl acrylate or methyl acrylate. Because these had limited utility, particularly for vulcanized applications, various copolymer modifications were developed to improve performance, and there evolved a division of monomers into two types: backbone monomers , which comprise the principal proportion of the monomers and determine the physical and chemical properties of the polymer, and cure‐site monomers , which are incorporated to the extent of 1–5% to introduce reactive sites for subsequent cross‐linking reactions. Emulsion and suspension polymerization are the important methods for preparing the elastomers. Their rheological characteristics require processing that addresses contamination more than for other types. Fairly rigid processing is required. The monomers from which these elastomers are prepared have varying degrees of toxicity. Because of the wide property range, the acylic elastomers have many application, eg, coatings, textiles, automotive products, adhesives, paper, and agriculture.

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Epoxide-substituted vinyl and acrylate copolymers

Cited by 49 publications

References 0 publications

Batch and Continuous Thermal Free‐Radical Copolymerization of Styrene with Glycidyl Methacrylate at High Reaction Temperatures

Batch and Continuous Thermal Free‐Radical Copolymerization of Styrene with Glycidyl Methacrylate at High Reaction Temperatures

Copolymerization of 4-chlorophenyl acrylate with methyl acrylate: synthesis, characterization, reactivity ratios, and their applications in the leather industry

Acrylic Elastomers, Survey

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