“…The favorable increment could be due to the strong hydrogen bonds between the polymer chains and KH550 coated SiO 2 nanoparticles. 32 While the 1.5 wt.% KH570 coated SiO 2 provided a 13% increase in the modulus, the 3 wt.% KH570 coated SiO 2 provided a 4.64% decrease compared to the modulus of pure GFRP composite. The tensile strength and the modulus values of the pure GFRP composite and silanized SiO 2 filled GFRP nanocomposites can be compared in Figure 7.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 94%
“…30 Wang et al 27 grafted several silane coupling agents (KH550, KH560, and KH570) on the surface of SiO 2 nanoparticles and obtained better thermodynamical properties with KH550 coated SiO 2 /cellulose composites compared to the others due to the more hydrogen bonds in the case of KH550 grafting. Bahramnia et al 32 functionalized the SiO 2 nanoparticles with 3-glycidoloxypropyl trimethoxy silane (GPTMS), containing glycidyl functional group, and then hybridized with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) within the epoxy, which provided covalent bonds between MWCNTs and polymer chains. The bond mechanisms conducted between the polymer chains and reinforcements significantly affected the adhesion, elastic modulus, hardness, and impact properties depending on the weight percentages of both silane and nanoparticle materials.…”
Silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles can be used as reinforcing material for composites due to their favorable characteristics. However, they are commonly subjected to surface treatments with silane coupling agents to achieve fine dispersibility and better mechanical interlocking at interface. In this study, the silane-coated SiO2 nanoparticles (as received) were used as secondary reinforcement without applying additional silane treatment process. KH550 and KH570 silane-coated SiO2 nanoparticles were dispersed, respectively, into polymer matrix, and then the modified matrix was reinforced with glass fibers. Silanized SiO2 filled glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) nanocomposites were investigated for physical, mechanical, morphological, and thermal properties. Depending on the nanoparticles' ratio and silane coating, the increments were obtained till 10% for tensile strength, between 18.40% and 75.26% for flexural strength, and till 81% for impact strength. SEM confirmed that the enhancements could be attributed to the improved interfacial adhesion between the modified matrix and fiber reinforcements. The void contents within the polymer nanocomposites decreased by 38%–54% compared to a pure one. DSC and TGA examinations revealed that silanized SiO2 nanoparticles provided a better curing behavior (10% increase in Tg for 3 wt.% KH550-SiO2) and improved thermal stability for the GFRP composites (increase in Tend values by 50–70°C). Generally, KH550 silane-coated SiO2 has provided enhanced interface strengthening, leading to better characteristics for GFRP composites since the amino functional groups contained in KH550 have more favorable integration with epoxy matrix.
“…The favorable increment could be due to the strong hydrogen bonds between the polymer chains and KH550 coated SiO 2 nanoparticles. 32 While the 1.5 wt.% KH570 coated SiO 2 provided a 13% increase in the modulus, the 3 wt.% KH570 coated SiO 2 provided a 4.64% decrease compared to the modulus of pure GFRP composite. The tensile strength and the modulus values of the pure GFRP composite and silanized SiO 2 filled GFRP nanocomposites can be compared in Figure 7.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 94%
“…30 Wang et al 27 grafted several silane coupling agents (KH550, KH560, and KH570) on the surface of SiO 2 nanoparticles and obtained better thermodynamical properties with KH550 coated SiO 2 /cellulose composites compared to the others due to the more hydrogen bonds in the case of KH550 grafting. Bahramnia et al 32 functionalized the SiO 2 nanoparticles with 3-glycidoloxypropyl trimethoxy silane (GPTMS), containing glycidyl functional group, and then hybridized with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) within the epoxy, which provided covalent bonds between MWCNTs and polymer chains. The bond mechanisms conducted between the polymer chains and reinforcements significantly affected the adhesion, elastic modulus, hardness, and impact properties depending on the weight percentages of both silane and nanoparticle materials.…”
Silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles can be used as reinforcing material for composites due to their favorable characteristics. However, they are commonly subjected to surface treatments with silane coupling agents to achieve fine dispersibility and better mechanical interlocking at interface. In this study, the silane-coated SiO2 nanoparticles (as received) were used as secondary reinforcement without applying additional silane treatment process. KH550 and KH570 silane-coated SiO2 nanoparticles were dispersed, respectively, into polymer matrix, and then the modified matrix was reinforced with glass fibers. Silanized SiO2 filled glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) nanocomposites were investigated for physical, mechanical, morphological, and thermal properties. Depending on the nanoparticles' ratio and silane coating, the increments were obtained till 10% for tensile strength, between 18.40% and 75.26% for flexural strength, and till 81% for impact strength. SEM confirmed that the enhancements could be attributed to the improved interfacial adhesion between the modified matrix and fiber reinforcements. The void contents within the polymer nanocomposites decreased by 38%–54% compared to a pure one. DSC and TGA examinations revealed that silanized SiO2 nanoparticles provided a better curing behavior (10% increase in Tg for 3 wt.% KH550-SiO2) and improved thermal stability for the GFRP composites (increase in Tend values by 50–70°C). Generally, KH550 silane-coated SiO2 has provided enhanced interface strengthening, leading to better characteristics for GFRP composites since the amino functional groups contained in KH550 have more favorable integration with epoxy matrix.
“…The improvement in surface roughness decreased is completely due to the effect of high surface area to volume ratio of nanotubes, which simultaneously promotes the filling of more particles in the cavity and reduces voids due to the spray pressure of nanopaints. 47-49 Figure 7.Surface roughness of robot painting.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The improvement in surface roughness decreased is completely due to the effect of high surface area to volume ratio of nanotubes, which simultaneously promotes the filling of more particles in the cavity and reduces voids due to the spray pressure of nanopaints. [47][48][49] By using nanopaints, the particle size is reduced to the nano level, which will reduce the highest peak to valley height of the painted surface. There is a decrease of about 23.8% in improvement in the surface roughness with 0.5 gm of the MWCNT nanopaint and a 54% in higher improvement when compared to normal painting.…”
Section: Effect Of Surface Roughness By Robot Paintingmentioning
In this investigative study, the Taguchi design (L9) of experiments with TOPSIS multi-objective optimization is used for the robot nanopainting. The optimization objective is to maximize the film glue individually and minimize the surface blemishes and film thickness by varying the IRB 1410 robot painting parameters, such as the robot speed, pressure, and distance. The multi-wall carbon nanotube is infused into the paint materials using the ultrasonication process, and the mechanical properties are analysed with a comparison to regular paint materials. The virtual robot cycle time analysis is carried out for three different robot pathway patterns, namely linear, zig-zag, and circular. It is then compared with real-time experimental robot nanopaint on cold rolled close annealing steel materials. The obtained results show that surface roughness and thickness are minimized by 54% and 33.4%, respectively, using the robot nano spray coating when compared with regular spray coating. The film adhesive of robot Nano spray coating is maximized by 2.8% more than normal spray coating. A fuzzy logic expert system model is used to evaluate the surface finish characteristics of the nanopaint surface with low prediction error and with 89.2% confidence level. Heat transfer analysis of the robot nano-coated substrate is compared with that of the robot normal-coated substrate.
“…Since most polymer materials, including polyurethane, are not equipped with su cient wear resistance, which brings damage for aesthetics and durability under lasting serving process [4]. In order to further improve the mechanical and tribological properties of polyurethane-based coatings, the commonly adopted method is the incorporation of nanoparticles to enhance wear-resistant properties [8] or increase their hardness [9], toughness [10] and comprehensive strength [3]. For enhancing abrasion resistance or mechanical properties, lubricants such as molybdenum disul de (MoS 2 ) [11], boron nitride [12], and clay [13] are usually introduced.…”
The enhancement to the mechanical and wear-resistant properties of polymer coatings plays a vital role for their application in hostile serving environment and nanofiller is effective for this destination. Herein, we systematically investigate a new nanofiller, nitrogen-doped graphene sheets (NGS), which possess a multilayer sheet-like morphology and share a good compatibility with water. After the incorporation of NGS into a two-component waterborne polyurethane (WPU), the mechanical and wear-resistant properties of NGS/WPU composite coatings significantly improve and wear resistance behaves best at an ultra-low content, reaching up to 0.05 wt‰. Wherein, Young’s modulus is elevated by 52.67% and tensile strength is appreciably boosted by 58.87%. Simultaneously, apparent reduction of weight loss of 78.74% is observed in the abrasion testing, and the ductility of NGS/WPU composite films is reduced by 48.38%. These make it possible that an ultra-low content of nanofiller efficiently reinforces polymer-based composites to achieve a trade-off between mechanical properties. Moreover, the wear-resistance mechanism is investigated, and the interaction between NGS and WPU segments is explored to find the reason that the mechanical and wear-resistant properties of NGS/WPU composite coatings are improved at an ultra-low content.
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