Epoxy Resin Surface Functionalization Using Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet Treatment

Sangprasert, Waleepan; Nimmanpipug, Piyarat; Yavirach, Piriya; Lee, Vannajan Sanghiran; Boonyawan, Dheerawan

doi:10.7567/jjap.51.01aj04

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This chemical interaction is anticipated to improve the interlaminar bonding strength in cured CFRP. The possible reactions contributing to this enhancement are outlined below, 34–36 underscoring the significance of this interaction in the material's performance.

H_{2} normalO goodbreak+ e^{-} \to OH goodbreak+ normalH goodbreak+ e^{-}

O_{2} goodbreak+ e^{-} \to 2 normalO goodbreak+ e^{-}

normalR - normalH goodbreak+ normalO \to normalR - OH

normalR - normalC H_{2} - normalC H_{2} - R^{'} goodbreak+ OH \to normalR - CH ((), OH) - normalC H_{2} - R^{'}

normalR - CH goodbreak= CH - R^{'} goodbreak+ normalO / OH \to normalR - CH ((), OH) - CH ((), OH) - R^{'}

normalR - normalC ((), goodbreak= normalO) - R^{'} goodbreak+ normalH \to normalR - CH ((), OH) - R^{'}

…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhancing CFRP laminates with plasma jet arrays: A study of interlaminar mechanical properties

Wang,

Li,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Polymer Composites

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This study delves into the efficacy of plasma jet array treatment in bolstering the interlaminar toughness of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) prepregs, a crucial parameter for their deployment in high‐performance domains. Employing high‐frequency pulsed microsecond plasma jet arrays for surface modification, this research not only demonstrated a 19.49% upsurge in peak load capacity but also a remarkable 29.94% enhancement in Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness, as evident from Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) tests. Furthermore, the surface wettability improvements were underscored by a substantial decrease in water contact angle from 108.33° to 31.45° and a total surface energy augmentation from 12.20 to 64.16 mN/m, post a 1‐min plasma treatment. X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) results indicated an appreciable rise in oxygen functionalities, suggesting enhanced resin‐fiber bonding. Additionally, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analyses revealed notable decreases in surface roughness and microscale defects, contributing to smoother surfaces conducive to better adhesive bonding and reduced manufacturing defects. These multifaceted improvements, stemming from alterations in surface chemistry and topography, underpin the significant potential of plasma treatment in advancing CFRP laminate applications requiring superior durability and mechanical resilience.Highlights A plasma jet arrays method to enhance CFRP's interlaminar properties was studied. The influence mechanism of plasma modification was revealed in detail. The interlayer toughening mechanism of CFRP after plasma modification is proposed.

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H_{2} normalO goodbreak+ e^{-} \to OH goodbreak+ normalH goodbreak+ e^{-}

O_{2} goodbreak+ e^{-} \to 2 normalO goodbreak+ e^{-}

normalR - normalH goodbreak+ normalO \to normalR - OH

normalR - normalC H_{2} - normalC H_{2} - R^{'} goodbreak+ OH \to normalR - CH ((), OH) - normalC H_{2} - R^{'}

normalR - CH goodbreak= CH - R^{'} goodbreak+ normalO / OH \to normalR - CH ((), OH) - CH ((), OH) - R^{'}

normalR - normalC ((), goodbreak= normalO) - R^{'} goodbreak+ normalH \to normalR - CH ((), OH) - R^{'}

…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…33 This chemical interaction is anticipated to improve the interlaminar bonding strength in cured CFRP. The possible reactions contributing to this enhancement are outlined below, [34][35][36] underscoring the significance of this interaction in the material's performance.…”

Section: Optical Emission Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing CFRP laminates with plasma jet arrays: A study of interlaminar mechanical properties

Wang,

Li,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Polymer Composites

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“…First, the contact angle was measured as an indicator of surfaced energy on epoxy resin. The water contact angle has been used to evaluate the surface hydrophilicity [30][31][32], but also diiodomethane and resin monomer mixture were additionally used in this experiment to evaluate the contact angle of these liquids on the epoxy resin surface following NTAPP treatment. This is because they will be more clinically relevant as they are the component liquids that will be in contact with epoxy resin in clinical situations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adhesion between Epoxy Resin-Based Fiber Post and Dental Core Resin Improved by Non-Thermal Atmospheric Pressure Plasma

et al. 2020

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The purpose of the study was to evaluate the adhesion between dental core resin and epoxy resin-based fiber post after treatment with non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma (NTAPP) and compare with conventional methods of epoxy resin-based fiber post treatments. Contact angle was measured on the surface of epoxy resin before and after NTAPP treatment and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to analyze the surface chemistry. Finally, two shear bond strength tests were carried out; shear bond strength between core resin and epoxy resin for comparison between NTAPP treated and untreated sample, and push-out shear bond strength between core resin and NTAPP treated commercially available epoxy resin-based fiber post for comparison between NTAPP treated samples with conventionally treated samples. Contact angle on the surface of epoxy resin generally decreased with increasing NTAPP treatment time with presence of surface chemical changes. Also, there was significantly higher shear bond strength and push-out shear bond strength between epoxy resin and core resin for NTAPP treated epoxy resin, even to the conventionally treated epoxy resin-based fiber post with hydrofluoric acid or silane. In conclusion, new technology of NTAPP has potential for application on the epoxy resin-based fiber post to improve endodontic restoration success rate.

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“…The bands appearing at 1112 and 753 cm −1 are attributed to the C-C stretching in aliphatic chain and C-H rocking vibration, respectively. The results showed that an additional absorption band is appearing at 1733 cm −1 , attributed to carbonyl groups C=O grafted on epoxy surface after atmospheric plasma treatment [32,33]. The C=O peak is more intense in the case…”

Section: Surface Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Hydrophilic surface modification has also been studied in fiber reinforced epoxy composites for enhancement of their adhesion properties [30][31][32]. Concerning the epoxy polymer modification, Sangprasert et al applied atmospheric pressure plasma jet in different gas mixtures and obtained the optimum wettability using helium/nitrogen discharges [33]. Shao et al applied air DBD and managed an intense hydrophilization of epoxy resin, which translated into a sharp drop of water contact angle from about 101 • to about 12 • ; however, no ageing data are presented to evaluate the stability of the hydrophilic treatment [34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Surface Modification of Epoxy Polymer in Air DBD and Gliding Arc

et al. 2022

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We studied the epoxy polymer surface modification using air plasma treatment in a Gliding Arc (GA) plasma reactor and a pulsed Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD). We employed optical emission spectroscopy (OES) measurements to approximate the vibrational and rotational temperatures for both plasma sources, as well as surface temperature measurements with fiber optics and IR thermography to corelate with the corresponding hydrophilization of the epoxy material. Water contact angle measurements revealed a rapid hydrophilization for both plasma sources, with a slightly more pronounced effect for the air DBD treatment. Ageing studies revealed stable hydrophilicity, with water contact angle saturating at values lower than 50°, corresponding to a >50% decrease compared to the untreated epoxy polymer. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy studies showed an additional absorption band assigned to carbonyl group, with its peak intensity being higher for the DBD treated surfaces. The spectra were also correlated with the surface functionalization via the relative peak area ratio of carbonyl to oxirane and benzene related bands. According to SEM imaging, GA plasma treatment led to no apparent morphological change, contrary to DBD treatment, which resulted in nano-roughness formation. The enhanced surface oxidation as well as the nano-roughness formation on epoxy surface with the air DBD treatment were found to be responsible for the stable hydrophilization.

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Epoxy Resin Surface Functionalization Using Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet Treatment

Cited by 6 publications

References 26 publications

Enhancing CFRP laminates with plasma jet arrays: A study of interlaminar mechanical properties

Enhancing CFRP laminates with plasma jet arrays: A study of interlaminar mechanical properties

Adhesion between Epoxy Resin-Based Fiber Post and Dental Core Resin Improved by Non-Thermal Atmospheric Pressure Plasma

Plasma Surface Modification of Epoxy Polymer in Air DBD and Gliding Arc

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