EPR Effect-Based Tumor Targeted Nanomedicine: A Promising Approach for Controlling Cancer

Fang, Jun

doi:10.3390/jpm12010095

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Small particle sizes (below 200 nm) were reported to have enhanced skin permeation [ 27 ]. Additionally, small particle sizes are vital to improving the uptake of the drugs into the cancerous cells via passive targeting through the enhanced permeability and retention effect [ 28 ]. Moreover, a high negative charge would help prevent particle clustering and prolong the drug’s shelf-life stability [ 23 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The enhanced cytotoxicity of OL/NSs, as compared to OL, is attributed to the improvement of the hydrophilicity of OL after its encapsulation in the niosomal carriers. Additionally, the nanosized niosomal formulation can better diffuse into melanoma cells via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect [28]. Additionally, it has been reported that using a nonionic surfactant (Span 60) in designing niosomes would enhance the anticancer activity of the loaded drug [37].…”

Section: Cell Viability Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ozonated Olive Oil: Enhanced Cutaneous Delivery via Niosomal Nanovesicles for Melanoma Treatment

et al. 2022

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Ozonated olive oil (OL) combines the therapeutic effects of both ozone and olive oil. However, it suffers from limited water solubility and poor transdermal permeation, which hinder its application in melanoma treatment. Nanocarrier host molecules, such as niosomes, were used to improve the water solubility, transdermal permeation, and anticancer effect of hydrophobic compounds. This study aims to design and optimize a niosomal vesicular nanoplatform loaded with OL (OL/NSs) to improve OL’s skin permeation and anti-melanoma effect. In this regard, OL was prepared and characterized by evaluating its chemical properties (acid, peroxide, and iodine values) and fatty acid composition using gas chromatography. Then, OL/NSs were developed using the thin film hydration method employing cholesterol, Span 60, and Tween 60 at five different molar ratios. The optimized niosomes had an average diameter of 125.34 ± 13.29 nm, a surface charge of −11.34 ± 4.71 mV, and a spherical shape. They could entrap 87.30 ± 4.95% of the OL. OL/NSs showed a 75% sustained oil release over 24 h. The skin permeation percentage of OL/NSs was 36.78 ± 3.31 and 53.44 ± 6.41% at 12 and 24 h, respectively, three times higher than that of the free OL (11.50 ± 1.3 and 17.24 ± 2.06%, at 12 and 24 h, respectively). Additionally, the anticancer activity of the developed niosmal formulation, when tested on human melanoma cells (A375), was double that of the free OL; the IC50 of the OL/NSs was 8.63 ± 2.8 μg/mL, and that of the free OL was 17.4 ± 3.7 μg/mL. In conclusion, the encapsulation of ozonated olive oil in niosomes enhanced its water solubility, skin permeation, and anticancer activity and thus may represent potent natural chemotherapy in treating melanoma.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cell Viability Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ozonated Olive Oil: Enhanced Cutaneous Delivery via Niosomal Nanovesicles for Melanoma Treatment

et al. 2022

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“…However, some patients lose the opportunity for surgery when they are diagnosed at a later stage ( Wang et al, 2013 ). Additionally, considering the application limitation of radiotherapy and immunotherapy including tumor types, response rates, and high cost, traditional chemotherapy still plays an irreplaceable role in cancer therapy and will not be obsolete any time soon ( Baxevanos and Mountzios, 2018 ; Sadeghi Rad et al, 2021 ; Fang, 2022 ). However, due to their low tumor accumulation, multidrug resistance, and lack of tumor selectivity, cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs and molecular targeted drugs commonly used in clinical practice often have serious side effects for normal tissues, which is one of the main formidable challenges faced by clinical chemotherapy ( Shi et al, 2017 ; Hejmady et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in Bio-Responsive Drug Delivery Systems for Tumor Therapy

Cong

2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Spatially- and/or temporally-controlled drug release has always been the pursuit of drug delivery systems (DDSs) to achieve the ideal therapeutic effect. The abnormal pathophysiological characteristics of the tumor microenvironment, including acidosis, overexpression of special enzymes, hypoxia, and high levels of ROS, GSH, and ATP, offer the possibility for the design of stimulus-responsive DDSs for controlled drug release to realize more efficient drug delivery and anti-tumor activity. With the help of these stimulus signals, responsive DDSs can realize controlled drug release more precisely within the local tumor site and decrease the injected dose and systemic toxicity. This review first describes the major pathophysiological characteristics of the tumor microenvironment, and highlights the recent cutting-edge advances in DDSs responding to the tumor pathophysiological environment for cancer therapy. Finally, the challenges and future directions of bio-responsive DDSs are discussed.

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“…Recently, nano level technique has found its means of revolutionizing science and has a range of applications in biomolecular detection and diagnos tics, therapeutics, catalysis, thermionics, genetic analysis, oculus, electro optical, medicaments, light, and scavengers and many more. Nanotechnology applications in drug delivery is a key re search area for the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries in the future, due to its unique ability to tackle the shortcomings and downsides of conventional medications [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomedicines: A Focus on Nanomaterials as Drug Delivery System with Current Trends and Future Advancement

et al. 2022

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The rapid advancement of nanomedicine presents novel alternatives that have the potential to transform health care. Targeted drug delivery as well as the synthesis of nanocarriers is a growing discipline that has been intensively researched to reduce the complexity of present medicines in a variety of diseases and to develop new treatment and diagnostic techniques. There are several designed nanomaterials used as a delivery system such as liposomes, micelles, dendrimers, polymers, carbon-based materials, and many other substances, which deliver the drug moiety directly into its targeted body area reducing toxic effect of conventional drug delivery, thus reducing the amount of drug required for therapeutic efficacy and offering many more advantages. Currently, these are used in many applications, including cancer treatment, imaging contrast agents, and biomarker detection and so on. This review provides a comprehensive update in the field of targeted nano-based drug delivery systems, by conducting a thorough examination of the drug synthesis, types, targets, and application of nanomedicines in improving the therapeutic efficiency.

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EPR Effect-Based Tumor Targeted Nanomedicine: A Promising Approach for Controlling Cancer

Abstract: Cancer remains the major threat to human health in most advanced countries in the world [...]

Cited by 17 publications

References 16 publications

Ozonated Olive Oil: Enhanced Cutaneous Delivery via Niosomal Nanovesicles for Melanoma Treatment

Ozonated Olive Oil: Enhanced Cutaneous Delivery via Niosomal Nanovesicles for Melanoma Treatment

Recent Progress in Bio-Responsive Drug Delivery Systems for Tumor Therapy

Nanomedicines: A Focus on Nanomaterials as Drug Delivery System with Current Trends and Future Advancement

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