Eprinomectin accumulation in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus: Pharmacokinetic and efficacy assessment

Lifschitz, Adrián Luis; Nava, Stefano; Mangold, Atilio José; Imperiale, F.; Ballent, Mariana; Canevari, Jose Tobias; Lanusse, Carlos

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.11.005

Cited by 12 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Since the efficacy of subcutaneously administered EPM against R. microplus has not yet been reported, the results of the present experiment could not be compared with other data. However, efficacy similar to that found in previous studies using different doses with pour on formulations was achieved; these studies include those of Davey, Miller, George, and Miller () (0.5 mg/kg), Aguirre et al () (1 mg/kg), and Lifschitz et al () (1.0 mg/kg and 1.5 mg/kg). Similar studies were conducted by Davey et al () with injectable ivermectin and moxidectin and by Davey, Miller, George, and Klavons () with injectable doramectin.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Mean pharmacokinetic parameters, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation obtained from plasma analysis of 12 treated animals NASCIMENTo ET Al.subcutaneously administered EPM against R. microplus has not yet been reported, the results of the present experiment could not be compared with other data. However, efficacy similar to that found in previous studies using different doses with pour on formulations was achieved; these studies include those ofDavey, Miller, George, and Miller (2005) (0.5 mg/kg),Aguirre et al (2005) (1 mg/kg), andLifschitz et al (2016) (1.0 mg/kg and 1.5 mg/kg). Similar studies were conducted by…”

supporting

confidence: 76%

“…microplus after topical administration has been previously demonstrated at different doses (Aguirre et al, 2005;Davey & George, 2002;Lifschitz et al, 2016).…”

mentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Eprinomectin belongs to the avermectin group and is suitable for controlling endoparasites and ectoparasites, with higher potency against endoparasites compared with other avermectins (Shoop, Michael, Egerton, Mrozik, & Fisher, ). Its efficacy against R. microplus after topical administration has been previously demonstrated at different doses (Aguirre et al, ; Davey & George, ; Lifschitz et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Injectable eprinomectin for cattle: Tick efficacy and pharmacokinetics

Nascimento

Bragaglia

Toma

et al. 2020

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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The aims of the present study were to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile and efficacy of eprinomectin (EPM) against Rhipicephalus microplus in cattle of a new injectable form of EPM (Voss Performa®). The product was administered subcutaneously at a dose of 200 μg EPM/kg, in a single dose. The efficacy of EPM against R. microplus in cattle was evaluated through field and stall tests. Studies were performed to estimate the pharmacokinetic parameters of EPM with the purpose of better understanding the kinetics of the formulation. The formulation was effective in controlling R. microplus in both naturally and artificially infested cattle, providing efficacy greater than 95%. The results of pharmacokinetic study were Cmax of 47.15 ± 22.20 ng/ml, Tmax of 1.33 ± 0.492 days, T1/2 of 2.96 ± 1.212 days, AUC0–t of 228.08 ± 57.30 ng day ml−1, and AUC0‐∞ of 240.50 ± 58.44 ng day ml−1. Therefore, the new injectable EPM formulation becomes an important alternative for the control of cattle tick in Brazil.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

supporting

confidence: 76%

“…microplus after topical administration has been previously demonstrated at different doses (Aguirre et al, 2005;Davey & George, 2002;Lifschitz et al, 2016).…”

mentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Injectable eprinomectin for cattle: Tick efficacy and pharmacokinetics

Nascimento

Bragaglia

Toma

et al. 2020

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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“…(B.) microplus as susceptible to eprinomectin, coupled with the fact that peak plasma levels of this same active formulation (1.0 and 1.5 mg/kg) in treated cattle occurs between 2 and days after administration (Lifschitz et al, 2016). Therefore, populations of R.…”

Section: Criteria For Diagnosis Of Susceptibility or Resistant/low Sumentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus to fluazuron (2.5 mg/kg) and a combination of novaluron (2.0 mg/kg) + eprinomectin (0.36 mg/kg) in field studies in Brazil

Maciel

Lopes

Gomes

et al. 2016

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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The present study aimed to determine the susceptibility of 32 R. (B.) microplus populations from Southeast, Midwest and South regions of Brazil, to fluazuron (2.5mg/kg), administered topically (pour-on). Additionally, five populations (Southeast and Midwest regions) of the southern cattle tick were evaluated using in vivo field studies, regarding their susceptibility to a new combination of novaluron (2.0mg/kg)+eprinomectin (0.36mg/kg), administered subcutaneously, compared with two positive controls (fluazuron 2.5mg/kg and eprinomectin 0.5mg/kg), both administered topically (pour-on). Selected bovines were allocated to treatment groups on day 0, and block formation was based on arithmetic means of female ticks (4.5-8.0mm long) counted on three consecutive days (-3, -2 and -1). To evaluate therapeutic and residual efficacies of these formulations, tick counts (females ranging from 4.5 to 8.0mm long) were performed on days 3, 7 and 14 post-treatment, continuing on a weekly basis until the end of each experiment. Results obtained throughout this study, utilizing field efficacy trials, allowed us to conclude that four R. (B.) microplus populations (including two in the Southeast and two in the Midwest regions) could be diagnosed as resistant, or with low susceptibility, to fluazuron (2.5mg/kg). Such fact was detected in farms where owners applied products containing this active component on cattle for at least five years, with treatment intervals of 30-55days during the rainy season. Nonetheless, in vitro studies should be performed in order to reinforce in vivo results obtained on the present study. Regarding efficacy indexes obtained by the association of eprinomectin and the novel molecule novaluron against R. (B.) microplus, none of the trials managed to obtain efficacies superior to 48%. Such results, allied to data obtained by different researchers and previously published in literature, reinforce the perception that maybe these formulations containing novaluron, in the administered dosages and treatment routes, may not be effective tools for controlling R. (B.) microplus. However, future studies must be conducted in order to support such hypothesis. Additionally, all five R. (B.) microplus populations were diagnosed as resistant, or with low susceptibility, to eprinomectin (0.5mg/kg) as well. Even though fluazuron, administered topically (pour on), is still an excellent active principle to be used against R. (B.) microplus, resistance management strategies should be quickly implemented in order to keep selection pressure in Brazil at a minimum level for this compound.

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