Epstein-Barr Virus

Evans, Alfred S.; Niederman, James C.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-0705-1_10

Cited by 29 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 215 publications

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“…Virus-specific serology strongly suggests that the vast majority o f children experienced a primary infection before 10 years. Our data are in agreement with other epidemiological reports conducted on low or middle socioeconomic groups from several countries, in which a very high rate o f EBV immunity was already present in early childhood (1,2,3,16,17,18). The IgM responses were less frequent (0.90/0) in accordance with findings obtained by other investigators.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…The IgM responses were less frequent (0.90/0) in accordance with findings obtained by other investigators. In general terms, it seems that anti-EBV IgM titres are too low to be detectable with the F A test and have a short duration (3). However, it should be emphasized that specific IgM anti-VCA responses have also been reported in reinfection and/or reactivation by EBV (15), as also found for other herpesviruses.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The analysis of the distribution of recent asymptomatic infections among the various age groups shows that the antibody pattern of the children with IgG VCA > 1:160 and without antibodies to EBNA might indicate an asymptomatic recent primary infection, in spite of the failure to find IgM antibodies (1,3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Studies on the epidemiology of child infections in the Bari area (South Italy) VII. Epidemiology of Epstein-Barr virus infections

Leogrande

Jirillo

1993

Eur J Epidemiol

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Serological patterns against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) specific antigens were determined in 3732 healthy babies and children aged 0-10 years living in the Bari area (South Italy). IgG antibodies against EBV capsid antigen (VCA) were found in 2713 subjects (72.7%). Seropositivity rates, high in the first semester of life (83.8%), declined between 6 and 12 months (65.6%) and even further between 1 and 2 years (43.8%). After 2 years the frequency of positive children rose progressively reaching steady levels between 5 and 7 years (80.2%) and between 8 and 10 years (81.9%). IgA antibodies against VCA, IgG anti-early viral antigen (EA) and IgG against virus-associated nuclear antigens (EBNA) were found in 17.9%, 15.9% and 25.7% of the subjects tested, respectively. IgM anti-VCA were found only in 35 (0.9%) children, but 818 (21.9%) exhibited antibody patterns suggestive of a recent infection: IgG anti-VCA > or = 1:160 alone or in association with IgA anti-VCA or IgG anti-EA or both. These results suggest that in this area the primary infection by EBV occur early in life, with immunity to EBV acquired primarily after 4 years.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Studies on the epidemiology of child infections in the Bari area (South Italy) VII. Epidemiology of Epstein-Barr virus infections

Leogrande

Jirillo

1993

Eur J Epidemiol

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“…None of the studies were population based. We have previously reported a raised EBV related autoimmune response in patients with multiple sclerosis20 and clustering of places of residence of patients with multiple sclerosis at the ages of 13–20 years,21 which coincides with the ages of high incidence of infectious mononucleosis 9. In the present report, we have studied the seroprevalence of anti-EBV antibodies in the same group of patients with multiple sclerosis and controls from the county of Hordaland.…”

mentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Increased risk of multiple sclerosis has been found in people with a history of infectious mononucleosis 5-8. The peak incidence for infectious mononucleosis is at the age of 15–25 years, with a mean age at 18 for males and 16 for females9 which is within the critical period of exposure to an exogenous factor suggested by several migration studies 10-12. Further, some reports have shown a higher prevalence (99%–100%) of anti-EBV antibodies in patients with multiple sclerosis than in controls (84–95%) 13-17…”

mentioning

confidence: 87%

Altered antibody pattern to Epstein-Barr virus but not to other herpesviruses in multiple sclerosis: a population based case-control study from western Norway

Myhr

Riise

Barrett‐Connor

et al. 1998

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

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Objective-The prevalence of anti-EBV antibodies was studied in a group of 144 patients with multiple sclerosis and 170 age, sex, and area matched controls from the county of Hordaland, western Norway. The prevalence of three other herpesviruses, herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella zoster virus (VZV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV), were also included. Methods-Antibodies to various virus antigens were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect immunfluorescence (IIF) in serum samples from 144 patients with multiple sclerosis and 170 controls. Results-All of the 144 patients with multiple sclerosis had IgG antibodies to EBV compared with 162 of 170 controls (p=0.008). The frequency of IgG antibodies to EBV capsid antigen (VCA), nuclear antigen (EBNA), and early antigen (EA) was significantly higher in patients with multiple sclerosis compared with the controls (p<0.000001, p=0.01, and p<0.0001 respectively). The presence of antibodies was independent of the initial course of the disease and the disease activity at the time of blood sampling. The prevalence of IgG antibodies to HSV, CMV, and VZV did not diVer between cases and controls. Conclusion-The results suggest a role for EBV in the aetiology of multiple sclerosis. (J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998;64:539-542)

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Birth order, sibship size and risk of Hodgkin's disease in children and young adults: A population-based study of 31 million person-years

et al. 1997

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It has been proposed that Hodgkin's disease (HD) may have an infectious origin and that delayed exposure to infection may increase the risk of HD in young adults. This hypothesis is addressed by studying the family structure among children and young adults. The Civil Registration System was used to establish a population‐based cohort consisting of all persons whose mothers were born in Denmark since 1935. Persons who developed HD were identified by linkage with the Danish Cancer Registry. HD incidence rate ratios were estimated based on a log‐linear Poisson regression model. The cohort of 2.1 million persons (aged 0–42 years) was followed for 31.1 million person years, during which period 378 cases of HD occurred. Among children (<15 years, n = 72), the relative risk (RR) of HD tended to increase with increasing sibship size, the relative increase in risk per increase in sibship size (the trend) being 1.28 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00–1.63]. The trend for birth order was 1.26 (95% CI 0.92–1.73). Among young adults (≥15 years, n = 306) the risk of HD, on the contrary, tended to decrease with increasing sibship size [trend = 0.91 (95% CI, 0.81–1.03)] and birth order (trend = 0.85 (95% CI, 0.71–1.01). These trends among young adults were significantly different from the corresponding trends among children (p < 0.05). Siblings of cases were at increased risk of HD (RR = 18; 95% CI, 2.2–65, n = 2). Our findings are compatible with the hypothesis that delayed exposure to infection may be a risk factor for HD in young adults, and that early exposure perhaps to another infectious agent may increase the risk of HD in children. Int. J. Cancer 72:977–981, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Epstein-Barr Virus

Cited by 29 publications

References 215 publications

Studies on the epidemiology of child infections in the Bari area (South Italy) VII. Epidemiology of Epstein-Barr virus infections

Studies on the epidemiology of child infections in the Bari area (South Italy) VII. Epidemiology of Epstein-Barr virus infections

Altered antibody pattern to Epstein-Barr virus but not to other herpesviruses in multiple sclerosis: a population based case-control study from western Norway

Birth order, sibship size and risk of Hodgkin's disease in children and young adults: A population-based study of 31 million person-years

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