Epstein–Barr virus and skin manifestations in childhood

Lernia, Vito Di; Mansouri, Yasaman

doi:10.1111/j.1365-4632.2012.05855.x

Cited by 57 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Eruptions; which are usually erythematous, macular, and papular or morbilliform and involve the trunk and extremities, may appear during the first few days and last 1-6 days. It may be difficult to distinguish IM from drug allergy [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of Antibiotic-Related Rash in Children with Epstein-Barr Virus Infection and Evaluation of the Frequency of Confirmed Antibiotic Hypersensitivity

Mısırlıoğlu

Güvenir

Parlakay

et al. 2018

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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Background: The incidence of rash after aminopenicillin treatment in children with Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) infection was reported to be 80–100%. A few recent studies suggested that the incidence may be much lower during EBV infection. There are no clear data on the incidence of true drug hypersensitivity among these patients. The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of rash and antibiotic allergy after antibiotic treatment in children with EBV infection. Methods: Drug hypersensitivity was investigated in antibiotic-treated patients with a positive EBV IgM who developed a rash between 2013 and 2016. Results: During the study period, 221 children were diagnosed with EBV infection, and 120 (54.3%) patients were treated with antibiotics during disease. Rash developed in 41 (41/221, 18.6%) patients, and 20 of them (total 120; 16.6%) were treated with antibiotics (most frequently aminopenicillins: 72.5%), and 21 of them (total 101, 20.8%) were not treated with antibiotics (p = 0.43). For 10 of the 20 antibiotic-treated patients with a rash, parents did not consent to an allergy workup. Three of the 10 patients who were tested for drug allergy were proven to have amoxicillin-clavulanate hypersensitivity (30%). Five of the patients without workup reacted after reuse of the suspected drug for infection treatment. Conclusion: In this study, the incidence of drug hypersensitivity was much lower than previously reported. Some of the reactions that occur during infectious mononucleosis are transient, and some are true drug hypersensitivity reactions. Thus, these patients should be evaluated with allergy tests before these drugs are used again after EBV infection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of Antibiotic-Related Rash in Children with Epstein-Barr Virus Infection and Evaluation of the Frequency of Confirmed Antibiotic Hypersensitivity

Mısırlıoğlu

Güvenir

Parlakay

et al. 2018

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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“…Відомо, що вірус Епштейна-Барр є представником онкогенних ДНК-вірусів і діапазон онкологічних захворювань, асоційованих з ним, постійно збільшується: доведено участь ВЕБ в розвитку лімфоми Беркітта, назофарінгеальної карциноми, волосатої лейкоплакії. Певне значення ВЕБ має при синдромі хронічної втоми, при аутоімунних захворюваннях, ВЕБ-асоційованому гемофагоцитарному синдромі [20,21,22,23,24].…”

Section: вступunclassified

“…У розвитку фарингіту та ангіни у дітей, хворих на ІМ, приймає участь бактеріальна умовно патогенна мікрофлора, що колонізує слизову оболонку глотки. У видовому складі збудників переважають мікроорганізми родів Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Candida [31,32].…”

Section: вступunclassified

Epstein-Barr Viral Infection in Children

Smoljar¹,

Chukhray²,

Savchyn³

2019

Act. Probl. of the Modern Med.

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Today there is a growing tendency in the prevalence of diseases caused by herpes viruses. At the same time there is an increase in the incidence of infectious mononucleosis, and the Epstein-Barr virus is one of its causative agents. The level of Epstein-Barr virus infection among the adult population of Ukraine has reached almost 100%, and more than 50% among the children. Epstein-Barr virus is a respiratory infection, and can be transmitted through saliva. According to statistic data, 85% of children are carriers of this virus, but it manifests itself only when immunity weakens. In many children, infectious mononucleosis occurs as an acute respiratory viral infection or quinine, and often paediatricians do not diagnose it. Usually children under the age of 10-14 are susceptible to the disease. In a large number of children, the course of infectious mononucleosis is quite similar to an acute respiratory viral infection or quinsy, and often paediatricians do not diagnose it. Usually children under the age of 10-14 are susceptible to the disease. The disease is characterized by feverish condition, sore throat, exanthema, enlargement of the lymph nodes, liver and spleen. All children with infectious mononucleosis manifest signs of tonsillopharyngitis that develops due to the growing activity of the opportunistic bacterial microflora, which densely colonizes the oropharyngeal mucosa in the immunocompromized condition caused by a herpes viral infection. At present, infectious mononucleosis plays a significant role in the overall infectious morbidity in children and is one of the leading causes of children hospitalization. Analysis of the case histories in patients aged 1-3, 4-6, 7-10, 11-15 and over 15 years through 2014-2018 has shown that infectious mononucleosis was predominantly diagnosed in male patients (222 cases) versus 150 cases of in female patients. The highest incidence of infectious mononucleosis has been registered among the residents of Lviv (287 cases) compared with the inhabitants of the Lviv region (85 cases). Regarding the age aspect, it has been found that the overwhelming majority of patients who have been diagnosed with an infectious mononucleosis are children under the age of 3 years.

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“…However, the roles of oral innate immunity on pathogenesis of EBV-associated oral lesions in HIV-infected individuals are poorly understood and need further investigations (90-92). …”

Section: What Are the Roles Of Oral Innate Immunity Against Other Co-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral innate immunity in HIV infection in HAART era

Nittayananta

Tao

Jiang

et al. 2015

J Oral Pathology Medicine

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Oral innate immunity, an important component in host defense and immune surveillance in the oral cavity, plays a crucial role in the regulation of oral health. As part of the innate immune system, epithelial cells lining oral mucosal surfaces provide not only a physical barrier but also produce different antimicrobial peptides, including human β-defensins (hBDs), secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), and various cytokines. These innate immune mediators help in maintaining oral homeostasis. When they are impaired either by local or systemic causes, various oral infections and malignancies may be developed. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and other co-infections appear to have both direct and indirect effects on systemic and local innate immunity leading to the development of oral opportunistic infections and malignancies. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the standard treatment of HIV infection contributed to a global reduction of HIV-associated oral lesions. However, prolonged treatment by HAART may lead to adverse effects on the oral innate immunity resulting in the relapse of oral lesions. This review article focused on the roles of oral innate immunity in HIV infection in HAART era. The following five key questions were addressed: 1) What are the roles of oral innate immunity in health and disease?, 2) What are the effects of HIV infection on oral innate immunity?, 3) What are the roles of oral innate immunity against other co-infections?, 4) What are the effects of HAART on oral innate immunity?, and 5) Is oral innate immunity enhanced by HAART?

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Epstein–Barr virus and skin manifestations in childhood

Cited by 57 publications

References 48 publications

Incidence of Antibiotic-Related Rash in Children with Epstein-Barr Virus Infection and Evaluation of the Frequency of Confirmed Antibiotic Hypersensitivity

Incidence of Antibiotic-Related Rash in Children with Epstein-Barr Virus Infection and Evaluation of the Frequency of Confirmed Antibiotic Hypersensitivity

Epstein-Barr Viral Infection in Children

Oral innate immunity in HIV infection in HAART era

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