Epstein–Barr Virus—Associated Malignancies and Immune Escape: The Role of the Tumor Microenvironment and Tumor Cell Evasion Strategies

Bauer, Marcus; Jasinski‐Bergner, Simon; Mandelboim, Ofer; Wickenhauser, Claudia; Seliger, Barbara

doi:10.3390/cancers13205189

Cited by 51 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 308 publications

(401 reference statements)

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“…The data set of Jima et al 34 utilized HG-U133A gene chips (Affymetrix) for the analysis of flow cytometry sorted CD19-positive B cells of healthy human donors, while the study of Kim and co-authors 35 applied the same gene chips and investigated EBV-positive BL. 37 , 38 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel approach to identify putative Epstein–Barr–virus microRNAs regulating host cell genes with relevance in tumor biology and immunology

et al. 2022

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The human Epstein–Barr virus is associated with several human solid and hematopoietic malignancies. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms including virus-encoded microRNAs (miRs), which lead to the malignant transformation of infected cells and immune evasion of EBV-associated tumors, have not yet been characterized. The expression levels of numerous known EBV-specific miRs and their suitability as diagnostic and/or prognostic markers were determined in different human EBV-positive tissues followed by in silico analyses to identify putative EBV-miR-regulated target genes, thereby offering a suitable screening strategy to overcome the limited available data sets of EBV-miRs and their targeted gene networks. Analysis of microarray data sets from healthy human B cells and malignant-transformed EBV-positive B cells of patients with Burkitt’s lymphoma revealed statistically significant (p < 0.05) deregulated genes with known functions in oncogenic properties, immune escape and anti-tumoral immune responses. Alignments of in vivo and in silico data resulted in the prediction of putative candidate EBV-miRs and their target genes. Thus, a combinatorial approach of bioinformatics, transcriptomics and in situ expression analyses is a promising tool for the identification of EBV-miRs and their potential targets as well as their eligibility as markers for EBV detection in different EBV-associated human tissue.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel approach to identify putative Epstein–Barr–virus microRNAs regulating host cell genes with relevance in tumor biology and immunology

et al. 2022

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“…Furthermore, Epstein Barr Virus might be useful in the development of vaccines and immune cell therapy for EBV-Associated diseases, especially for several immune-related diseases 44 . The prognosis of Epstein–Barr virus infection in UC was less paid attention to 45 . In this study, the KEGG pathways results indicated that more studies of the Epstein–Barr virus infection pathway in UC could be conducted 46 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of useful genes from multiple microarrays for ulcerative colitis diagnosis based on machine learning methods

Zhang

Mao

Lau

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory bowel disease with an increasing incidence and prevalence worldwide. The diagnosis for UC mainly relies on clinical symptoms and laboratory examinations. As some previous studies have revealed that there is an association between gene expression signature and disease severity, we thereby aim to assess whether genes can help to diagnose UC and predict its correlation with immune regulation. A total of ten eligible microarrays (including 387 UC patients and 139 healthy subjects) were included in this study, specifically with six microarrays (GSE48634, GSE6731, GSE114527, GSE13367, GSE36807, and GSE3629) in the training group and four microarrays (GSE53306, GSE87473, GSE74265, and GSE96665) in the testing group. After the data processing, we found 87 differently expressed genes. Furthermore, a total of six machine learning methods, including support vector machine, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, random forest, gradient boosting machine, principal component analysis, and neural network were adopted to identify potentially useful genes. The synthetic minority oversampling (SMOTE) was used to adjust the imbalanced sample size for two groups (if any). Consequently, six genes were selected for model establishment. According to the receiver operating characteristic, two genes of OLFM4 and C4BPB were finally identified. The average values of area under curve for these two genes are higher than 0.8, either in the original datasets or SMOTE-adjusted datasets. Besides, these two genes also significantly correlated to six immune cells, namely Macrophages M1, Macrophages M2, Mast cells activated, Mast cells resting, Monocytes, and NK cells activated (P < 0.05). OLFM4 and C4BPB may be conducive to identifying patients with UC. Further verification studies could be conducted.

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“…Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a double stranded DNA virus in the herpesvirus family [128]. It was discovered by Dr. Epstein and his assistant, Ms. Barr, during a global investigation into the cause of Burkitt's lymphoma in the 1960s [129].…”

Section: Epstein-barr Virus and Nasopharyngeal Carcinogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[140]. EBV-specific products LMP1 [141] and LMP2 [142] also alter the cell cycle and aid in immune evasion [128]. Additional risk factors for NPC include regular consumption of salted fish and Southeast Asian heritage.…”

Section: Figure 3 Growth and Immune Evasion Of Ebv-mediated Npc Typic...mentioning

confidence: 99%

It Takes Two to Tango: A Review of Oncogenic Virus and Host Microbiome Associated Inflammation in Head and Neck Cancer

McKeon

Gallant

Kim

et al. 2022

Cancers

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While the two primary risk factors for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are alcohol and tobacco, viruses account for an important and significant upward trend in HNSCC incidence. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the causative agent for a subset of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC)—a cancer that is impacting a rapidly growing group of typically middle-aged non-smoking white males. While HPV is a ubiquitously present (with about 1% of the population having high-risk oral HPV infection at any one time), less than 1% of those infected with high-risk strains develop OPSCC—suggesting that additional cofactors or coinfections may be required. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a similarly ubiquitous virus that is strongly linked to nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Both of these viruses cause cellular transformation and chronic inflammation. While dysbiosis of the human microbiome has been associated with similar chronic inflammation and the pathogenesis of mucosal diseases (including OPSCC and NPC), a significant knowledge gap remains in understanding the role of bacterial-viral interactions in the initiation, development, and progression of head and neck cancers. In this review, we utilize the known associations of HPV with OPSCC and EBV with NPC to investigate these interactions. We thoroughly review the literature and highlight how perturbations of the pharyngeal microbiome may impact host-microbiome-tumor-viral interactions—leading to tumor growth.

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Epstein–Barr Virus—Associated Malignancies and Immune Escape: The Role of the Tumor Microenvironment and Tumor Cell Evasion Strategies

Cited by 51 publications

References 308 publications

Novel approach to identify putative Epstein–Barr–virus microRNAs regulating host cell genes with relevance in tumor biology and immunology

Novel approach to identify putative Epstein–Barr–virus microRNAs regulating host cell genes with relevance in tumor biology and immunology

Identification of useful genes from multiple microarrays for ulcerative colitis diagnosis based on machine learning methods

It Takes Two to Tango: A Review of Oncogenic Virus and Host Microbiome Associated Inflammation in Head and Neck Cancer

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