Epstein-Barr virus DNA in nasopharyngeal carcinomas from Chinese patients in Hong Kong.

Dickens, Paul; Srivastava, Gopesh; Loke, S. L.; Chan, C. W.; Liu, Y T

doi:10.1136/jcp.45.5.396

Cited by 50 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…This finding supports the observation that EBV infection is strongly associated with NPC [16][17][18]. In addition to spindle cell carci noma and the nonkeratinizing and undifferen tiated carcinomas, we also observed the EBV genome in KSCC, in accordance with the ob servation of Raab-Traub et al [20], However, the EBV genome has not been regularly de tected in KSCC by others [26,27], The reason for this discrepancy is not clear. It is noted that KSCC is very rare in Taiwan.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Detection of Epstein-Barr Virus Genome in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma by In situ DNA Hybridization

et al. 1993

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To elucidate the possible role of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), we investigated the EBV genome in NPC by in situ DNA hybridization using radioisotope- and biotin-labeled EBV DNA probes. The EBV genome was detected in the tumor cells in all (100%) 60 cases, irrespective of histological type, but not in the lymphocytes. Silver grains, which reflected the copy number of the EBV genome, were more abundant in the nonkeratinizing, spindle cell, and undifferentiated carcinomas than in keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma. In the keratinizing carcinoma, which was poorly differentiated in this series, the EBV genome was usually detected in anaplastic tumor cells, and not in the keratinizing areas. The sensitivity of the radioisotopic technique was superior to that of the biotinylated probe method (100 vs. 81.7%, p < 0.0003). These results suggest that EBV is etiologically related to nasopharyngeal carcinogenesis and that the differentiation of tumor cells in vivo, and probably also in vitro, may become incompatible with EBV replication.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Detection of Epstein-Barr Virus Genome in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma by In situ DNA Hybridization

et al. 1993

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“…However, the evidence regarding the possibility of an EBV association with keratinizing squamous cell NPC has been conflicting. The studies from Raab-Traub et al [1987] and other laboratories [Pathmanathan et al, 1995;Chen et al, 1993;Dickens et al, 1992;Akao et al, 1991] indicated that keratinizing NPC from Asian patients are associated regularly with EBV. But Niedobitek et al [1991] failed to detect the virus in such tumours from Caucasian patients, and similar observation were also obtained from some other groups [Hording et al, 1993;Nicholls et al, 1997;Klein et al, 1974].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Epstein-Barr virus expression within keratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma

et al. 1998

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Three stages of maturation can be seen in keratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinomas. These stages are similar morphologically to basal cells, intermediate and superficial squamous cells seen in normal squamous epithelium. Taking advantage of such a diverse tumour cell population, 10 keratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) were examined by in situ hybridization for the presence of latent Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) using EBV encoded RNAs (EBERs) and by immunohistology for the presence of EBV early antigen-diffuse (EA-D) and the 350/220 kd membrane glycoprotein of the EBV. The basal cell-like tumour cells are mainly infected latently with the virus; viral replication was found in isolated intermediate squamous cells, whilst superficial squamous cells are largely depleted of all the viral markers. We used a control series of nonkeratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinomas composed of undifferentiated and poorly differentiated tumour cells and EBV latency was present in these tumours. Viral replication was detected by RT-PCR, in the undifferentiated tumours but viral replication was not seen by immunohistology. The possible relationship between EBV life cycle in these tumours and tumour cell differentiation is discussed in the light of these findings.

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“…EBV is further linked to the development of NPC through EBV DNA, RNA, and/or gene products in tumor cells of virtually all cases, regardless of geographic origin (67,(98)(99)(100)(101)(102)(103)(104)(105)(106)(107), although EBV detection in type I NPC has not always been consistent (108,109). Because the EBV episome is identical in every tumor cell-as assessed by the number of terminal repeats in the latent, circularized form of the virus in NPC tumors (106, 107, 110-112)-NPC may originate from a single progenitor cell infected with EBV before clonal expansion.…”

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Enigmatic Epidemiology of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Chang

Adami

2006

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

1,161

1,009

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Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has a unique and complex etiology that is not completely understood. Although NPC is rare in most populations, it is a leading form of cancer in a few well-defined populations, including natives of southern China, Southeast Asia, the Arctic, and the Middle East/North Africa. The distinctive racial/ethnic and geographic distribution of NPC worldwide suggests that both environmental factors and genetic traits contribute to its development. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge regarding the epidemiology of NPC and to propose new avenues of research that could help illuminate the causes and ultimately the prevention of this remarkable disease. Well-established risk factors for NPC include elevated antibody titers against the Epstein-Barr virus, consumption of salt-preserved fish, a family history of NPC, and certain human leukocyte antigen class I genotypes. Consumption of other preserved foods, tobacco smoking, and a history of chronic respiratory tract conditions may be associated with elevated NPC risk, whereas consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables and other human leukocyte antigen genotypes may be associated with decreased risk. Evidence for a causal role of various inhalants, herbal medicines, and occupational exposures is inconsistent. Other than dietary modification, no concrete preventive measures for NPC exist. Given the unresolved gaps in understanding of NPC, there is a clear need for large-scale, populationbased molecular epidemiologic studies to elucidate how environmental, viral, and genetic factors interact in both the development and the prevention of this disease. PurposeIntriguing hallmarks of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) include its striking racial/ethnic and geographic variation, as well as its multifactorial etiology involving the interplay of environmental, viral, and genetic risk factors. The precise roles of these factors in the development of NPC, however, remain unknown. The purpose of this review is to highlight what is understood about the epidemiology of NPC, as well as to present unresolved research questions that call for large-scale molecular epidemiologic studies of NPC to illuminate the underlying causes of this fascinating disease. Review MethodsA thorough review of the literature related to the etiology of NPC was undertaken, starting with a Medline search from 1966 onward. Additional papers, book sections, and monographs were identified through examination of reference lists. Because this review aims to present the epidemiologic evidence in a range of topic areas, rather than to calculate overall estimates of effect, formal quantitative methods were not used. All relevant papers have been cited to provide a comprehensive summary of the evidence. Inclusion or exclusion criteria were not applied to individual reports, but the strength, consistency, and relevance of the findings were considered in weighing the evidence.Descriptive Epidemiology

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Epstein-Barr virus DNA in nasopharyngeal carcinomas from Chinese patients in Hong Kong.

Cited by 50 publications

References 8 publications

Detection of Epstein-Barr Virus Genome in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma by In situ DNA Hybridization

Detection of Epstein-Barr Virus Genome in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma by In situ DNA Hybridization

Epstein-Barr virus expression within keratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma

The Enigmatic Epidemiology of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

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