Epstein-Barr Virus (HHV-4) Inoculation to Rabbits by Intranasal and Oral Routes Results in Subacute and/or Persistent Infection Dissimilar to Human Disease

Rajčáni, J; Szenthe, Kálmán; Ďurmanová, Vladimı́ra; Tóth, Ágnes; Ásványi, Balazs; Pitlik, Ervin; Stipkovits, L.; Szathmáry, Susan

doi:10.1159/000360223

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…EBV may initiate mononucleosis in human during the primary infection [77, 81]. EBV spreads mainly by the oral route through contact with saliva [82, 83]; after infection, EBV establishes latent infection that is a virus carrier state, which is of three types (latency I, latency II, and latency III) [84, 85]. During latency, a limited number of viral genes are expressed which maintain the viral episome [86, 87].…”

Section: Clinical Associationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Status of Epstein-Barr Virus Coinfection withHelicobacter pyloriin Gastric Cancer

Singh

Jha

2017

Journal of Oncology

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Epstein-Barr virus is a ubiquitous human herpesvirus whose primary infection causes mononucleosis, Burkett's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, autoimmune diseases, and gastric cancer (GC). The persistent infection causes malignancies in lymph and epithelial cells. Helicobacter pylori causes gastritis in human with chronic inflammation. This chronic inflammation is thought to be the cause of genomic instability. About 45%-word population have a probability of having both pathogens, namely, H. pylori and EBV. Approximately 180 per hundred thousand population is developing GC along with many gastric abnormalities. This makes GC the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Although lots of research are carried out individually for EBV and H. pylori, still there are very few reports available on coinfection of both pathogens. Recent studies suggested that EBV and H. pylori coinfection increases the occurrence of GC as well as the early age of GC detection comparing to individual infection. The aim of this review is to present status on coinfection of both pathogens and their association with GC.

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Section: Clinical Associationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Status of Epstein-Barr Virus Coinfection withHelicobacter pyloriin Gastric Cancer

Singh

Jha

2017

Journal of Oncology

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“…In addition to the selected oligopeptides, synthetic LPS and/or peptidoglycan structures were designed to mimic the PRRs, which were coupled to micro-particles and expected to act as adjuvants in order to achieve an efficient stimulation of APCs. The efficacy in rabbits [72] has shown that six out 19 combinations of the selected immobilized oligopeptides which finally were coming from seven immunogenic proteins (including two glycoproteins), when bound to micro-particles along with three different PRR agonist molecules, not only elicited efficient stimulation of APCs in vitro, but also provided satisfactory in vivo protection as demonstrated in the rabbit model [73].…”

Section: Some Examples Of Experimental Peptide Vaccines Based On Selementioning

confidence: 99%

Peptide Vaccines: New Trends for Avoiding the Autoimmune Response

Rajčáni¹,

Szathmáry²

2018

TOIDJ

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Background:Several marketed antiviral vaccines (such as that against hepatitis virus A and/or B, influenza virus, human papillomavirus, yellow fever virus, measles, rubella and mumps viruses) may elicit various autoimmune reactions.Results:The cause of autoimmune response due to vaccination may be: 1. the adjuvant which is regularly added to the vaccine (especially in the case of various oil substrates), 2. the specific viral component itself (a protein or glycoprotein potentially possessing cross-reactive epitopes) and/or 3. contamination of the vaccine with traces of non-viral proteins mostly cellular in origin. Believing that peptide vaccines might represent an optimal solution for avoiding the above-mentioned problems, we discuss the principles of rational design of a typical peptide vaccine which should contain oligopeptides coming either from the selected structural virion components (i.e.capsid proteins and/or envelop glycoproteins or both) or from the virus-coded non-structural polypeptides. The latter should be equally immunogenic as the structural virus proteins. Describing the feasibility of identification and design of immunogenic epitopes, our paper also deals with possible problems of peptide vaccine manufacturing. The presented data are in part based on the experience of our own, in part, they are coming from the results published by others.Conclusion:Any peptide vaccine should be able to elicit relevant and specific antibody formation, as well as an efficient cell-mediated immune response. Consequently, the properly designed peptide vaccine is expected to consist of carefully selected viral peptides, which should stimulate the receptors of helper T/CD4 cells as well as of cytotoxic (T/CD8) lymphocytes.

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“…Rabbits of the Japanese White and the New Zealand White strains were found to develop persistent EBV infection, with viral DNA detected in the peripheral blood lymphocytes and with the production of anti-EBV antibodies. 5 , 6 Notably, rabbits could be infected orally, recapitulating the normal route of human EBV infection. 6 , 7 However, EBV-infected rabbits do not appear to reproduce the distinct human diseases caused by the virus.…”

Section: Animal Models Of Epstein–barr Virus Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 5 , 6 Notably, rabbits could be infected orally, recapitulating the normal route of human EBV infection. 6 , 7 However, EBV-infected rabbits do not appear to reproduce the distinct human diseases caused by the virus. 5 , 6 , 7 …”

Section: Animal Models Of Epstein–barr Virus Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling EBV infection and pathogenesis in new-generation humanized mice

2015

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The development of highly immunodeficient mouse strains has allowed the reconstitution of functional human immune system components in mice. New-generation humanized mice generated in this manner have been extensively used for modeling viral infections that are exclusively human tropic. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-infected humanized mice reproduce cardinal features of EBV-associated B-cell lymphoproliferative disease and EBV-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). Erosive arthritis morphologically resembling rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has also been recapitulated in these mice. Low-dose EBV infection of humanized mice results in asymptomatic, persistent infection. Innate immune responses involving natural killer cells, EBV-specific adaptive T-cell responses restricted by human major histocompatibility and EBV-specific antibody responses are also elicited in humanized mice. EBV-associated T-/natural killer cell lymphoproliferative disease, by contrast, can be reproduced in a distinct mouse xenograft model. In this review, recent findings on the recapitulation of human EBV infection and pathogenesis in these mouse models, as well as their application to preclinical studies of experimental anti-EBV therapies, are described.

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Epstein-Barr Virus (HHV-4) Inoculation to Rabbits by Intranasal and Oral Routes Results in Subacute and/or Persistent Infection Dissimilar to Human Disease

Cited by 10 publications

References 34 publications

Status of Epstein-Barr Virus Coinfection withHelicobacter pyloriin Gastric Cancer

Status of Epstein-Barr Virus Coinfection withHelicobacter pyloriin Gastric Cancer

Peptide Vaccines: New Trends for Avoiding the Autoimmune Response

Modeling EBV infection and pathogenesis in new-generation humanized mice

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