Epstein-Barr virus-specific immunoglobulin A in patients with infectious mononucleosis, an age-dependent factor

Oberender, H; Straube, Eberhard; Künkel, M; Gartner, Leslie P.; Morfiadakis, Irene

doi:10.1007/bf02013981

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The IgA antibodies to VCA, considered as an early response in infectious mononucleosis (15,17,18), were, in our study, not restricted to the early acute phase of the EBV infection. In fact, although their prevalence in children with IM was not comparable to that of children with serological indications of a recent asymptomatic infection, they were also present in subjects with remote immunity and were equally distributed among all age groups.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 43%

Immune status towards Epstein-Barr virus in a group of sicilian children

et al. 1989

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The prevalence of antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus-determined antigens was studied in 17 children with acute infectious mononucleosis (IM) and in 263 children hospitalized for diseases unrelated to EBV infection. Antibodies against Epstein-Barr viral capsid antigens (VCA) were observed in 173 patients of the control group (66%), but 58 of them (33,5%) had not yet developed antibodies against Epstein-Barr virus-associated nuclear antigen (EBNA). IgM-specific antibodies were not found in any of the children of the control group but were present in all of the 17 patients with IM. The rates of positivity for IgA anti-VCA and IgG anti-early antigen (EA) were similar in all age groups. Anti-viral capsid antigen IgG seropositivity increased to 83% by the age of six years, the mean geometric titre being highest between the ages of 2 and 4 years. Our results suggest that in Sicilian children the primary infection occurs prevalently early in life, in parallel with the occurrence of IM.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 43%

Immune status towards Epstein-Barr virus in a group of sicilian children

et al. 1989

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“…These antibodies reach a peak level 3-4 wk after primary infection and decline slowly, but may last indefinitely. Different studies have found them in 35%-74% of acute cases [34,127,128] , but they were also seen in 10% of healthy subjects. High levels were also found in patients with immunodeficiencies, recurrent parotitis, multiple sclerosis or nasopharyngeal cancer, as well as in pregnant women and elderly subjects [26,[129][130][131][132] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus infection: Problems and solutions

Paschale

Clerici²

2012

WJV

265

272

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Serological tests for antibodies specific for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antigens are frequently used to define infection status and for the differential diagnosis of other pathogens responsible for mononucleosis syndrome. Using only three parameters [viral capsid antigen (VCA) IgG, VCA IgM and EBV nuclear antigen (EBNA)-1 IgG],it is normally possible to distinguish acute from past infection: the presence of VCA IgM and VCA IgG without EBNA-1 IgG indicates acute infection, whereas the presence of VCA IgG and EBNA-1 IgG without VCA IgM is typical of past infection. However, serological findings may sometimes be difficult to interpret as VCA IgG can be present without VCA IgM or EBNA-1 IgG in cases of acute or past infection, or all the three parameters may be detected simultaneously in the case of recent infection or during the course of reactivation. A profile of isolated EBNA-1 IgG may also create some doubts. In order to interpret these patterns correctly, it is necessary to determine IgG avidity, identify anti-EBV IgG and IgM antibodies by immunoblotting, and look for heterophile antibodies, anti-EA (D) antibodies or viral genome using molecular biology methods. These tests make it possible to define the status of the infection and solve any problems that may arise in routine laboratory practice.

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“…Furthermore, enzyme assays are preferable to radioimmunoassays (RIA) (5, 16-18, 20, 23, 25, 26), as the high costs of equipment and reagents, the short shelf life of reagents, and concern for radioactivity are well-recognized limitations of RIA. Immunofluorescence tests (IFT) (6,14,17,24,25) are too laborious to be used routinely.…”

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confidence: 99%

Kinetics of specific immunoglobulins M, E, A, and G in congenital, primary, and secondary cytomegalovirus infection studied by antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

1988

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Antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using enzyme-labeled cytomegalovirus (CMV) nuclear antigen is a reliable and easily performed test suitable for routine use. As the serologic response to CMV infection may, however, vary considerably among patients, we have studied the kinetics of CMV-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgE, IgA, and IgG antibodies in 352 sera from 61 patients by using antibody-capture ELISA and complement fixation (CF) tests. In a CMV mononucleosis group (n = 17), most patients had antibodies of all four immunoglobulin classes, but antibody levels decreased rapidly, with half the patients having a borderline-positive or a negative reaction for all classes, except IgG, 2 months after the appearance of symptoms. Twelve patients with a primary CMV infection after renal or bone marrow transplantation also developed all immunoglobulin-class antibodies. In only two patients did CMV IgM and IgE antibodies precede seroconversion of CF antibodies, and in one patient, these antibodies lagged months behind. Most patients had all classes of CMV antibodies, except IgA, for a year or more. Among 10 transplant patients with a secondary CMV infection, 50% had long-lasting IgM antibodies, and very few had IgE or IgA antibodies, but all had IgG antibodies to CMV. In 13 infected infants, the CMV-specific serologic response was also characterized by long-lasting IgM, IgE, and IgG antibodies. Two patients did not develop detectable IgM antibodies, and one of these did not show IgE antibodies either. The IgA response in infants as a whole was * Corresponding author.

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Epstein-Barr virus-specific immunoglobulin A in patients with infectious mononucleosis, an age-dependent factor

Cited by 5 publications

References 4 publications

Immune status towards Epstein-Barr virus in a group of sicilian children

Immune status towards Epstein-Barr virus in a group of sicilian children

Serological diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus infection: Problems and solutions

Kinetics of specific immunoglobulins M, E, A, and G in congenital, primary, and secondary cytomegalovirus infection studied by antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

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