Epstein-Barr virus: the mastermind of immune chaos

Silva, Jean de Melo; Alves, Carlos Eduardo de Castro; Pontes, Gemilson Soares

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1297994

Cited by 14 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 194 publications

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“…These approaches extend from crafting small molecule inhibitors to formulating vaccines. Antagonists primarily focus on critical viral proteins, while vaccines seek to trigger immune responses from B-cells or T-cells against both lytic and latent EBV proteins (Silva et al, 2024). Despite the challenges in finding definitive cures for EBV-related infections, considerable headway has been achieved in clinical trials of a gp350 vaccine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precision Vaccine Development: Unraveling the Immunoinformatics Code Against Epstein-Barr Virus's T41 Glycoprotein 350/220

Beigh

2024

NRFHH

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Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) poses a substantial global health threat, with a 90% morbidity rate in adults worldwide. Linked to infectious mononucleosis, autoimmune diseases, and cancers, there is an imperative for effective preventive measures, given the absence of current vaccines or medications. This study employs a bioinformatics strategy to design an epitope vaccine targeting EBV. The primary target for immunity is the EBV glycoprotein 350/220 (gp350), which mediates attachment to B cells through complement receptor 2 (CR2/CD21). The selected protein, EBV glycoprotein 350/220 was chosen based on its role in pathogenicity. In the post-therapeutic approach, three-dimensional structure prediction, validation, and verification processes were conducted, followed by molecular docking studies to identify potential drug-binding sites and suitable therapeutic inhibitors for the target protein. The protein's ability to stimulate humoral and cell-mediated immunity was assessed, leading to the identification of a peptide segment ATNLFLLEL from positions 342 to 356 as the predominant T cell epitope. This epitope demonstrated compatibility with various HLA profiles, enhanced by its interaction with eight HLA-A and HLA-B alleles. Population coverage analysis revealed broad responsiveness across geographies, suggesting its potential as a widely applicable vaccine component. Its non-allergic classification further supports its potential efficacy for diverse individuals. Docking studies with HLA-B*3501 confirmed its significant affinity for MHC-I molecules, establishing it as a promising vaccination candidate. Additionally, a region from amino acid positions 253 to 310 was identified as containing potential B-cell epitopes, with the sequence "LGAGELALTMRSKKLP" showing promise due to its antigenic potential. This computational approach to epitope-based peptide vaccine design and target site prediction against EBV represents a pioneering advancement in EBV virus research, emphasizing the need for validation through <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> trials.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precision Vaccine Development: Unraveling the Immunoinformatics Code Against Epstein-Barr Virus's T41 Glycoprotein 350/220

Beigh

2024

NRFHH

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“…Typical features of EBV infection include lymphadenopathy, fever, fatigue, and pharyngitis. Cervical lymph node enlargement can lead to extensive maxillofacial swelling, but it is not common and is often accompanied by systemic symptoms such as recurrent fever [14]. The diagnosis of EBV infection is usually based on clinical symptoms, physical examination results, and laboratory tests, and quantitative analysis of nucleic acid is widely used in the diagnosis of EBV [15].…”

Section: Figure 1: Physical Examination and Auxiliary Tests Before Ad...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Epstein-Barr Virus Infection-Associated Facial Swelling: A Case Report

Zhang,

Chen,

Chen

et al. 2024

Cureus

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Maxillofacial soft tissue swelling is a common clinical symptom with various etiologies. While odontogenic space infection is the most common cause, it is crucial not to overlook maxillofacial swellings caused by specific pathogenic infections and other local factors. This paper reports the case of an adult patient with right-sided swelling of his face, persistent oral mucosal ulcers, and recurrent hyperthermia for 30 days. He had received various antibiotics for the initial diagnosis of "right buccal space infection," but the antibiotics did not have any effect on his symptoms. None of the blood tests, histological examinations, bone marrow biopsies, and immune-related tests produced diagnostic findings. A diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection was finally confirmed by biopsy tissue genomics sequencing and quantitative analysis of EBV nucleic acid. In this report, we describe the diagnosis and treatment process for this patient and suggest that facial swelling could be an important clinical symptom of EBV infection.

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Interactions between sleep, inflammation, immunity and infections: A narrative review

Feuth

2024

Immunity Inflam & Disease

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BackgroundOver the past decades, it has become increasingly evident that sleep disturbance contributes to inflammation‐mediated disease, including depression, mainly through activation of the innate immune system and to an increased risk of infections.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed to identify relevant research findings in the field of immunity, inflammation and infections, with a focus on translational research findings from the past 5 years.ResultsPhysiological sleep is characterized by a dynamic interplay between the immune system and sleep architecture, marked by increased innate immunity and T helper 1 (Th1) ‐mediated inflammation in the early phase, transitioning to a T helper 2 (Th2) response dominating in late sleep. Chronic sleep disturbances are associated with enhanced inflammation and an elevated risk of infections, while other inflammatory diseases may also be affected. Conversely, inflammation in response to infection can also disrupt sleep patterns and architecture. This narrative review summarizes current data on the complex relationships between sleep, immunity, inflammation and infections, while highlighting translational aspects. The bidirectional nature of these interactions are addressed within specific conditions such as sleep apnea, HIV, and other infections. Furthermore, technical developments with the potential to accelerate our understanding of these interactions are identified, including advances in wearable devices, artificial intelligence, and omics technology. By integrating these tools, novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for sleep‐related immune dysregulation may be identified.ConclusionThe review underscores the importance of understanding and addressing immune imbalance related to sleep disturbances to improve disease outcomes.

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Epstein-Barr virus: the mastermind of immune chaos

Cited by 14 publications

References 194 publications

Precision Vaccine Development: Unraveling the Immunoinformatics Code Against Epstein-Barr Virus's T41 Glycoprotein 350/220

Precision Vaccine Development: Unraveling the Immunoinformatics Code Against Epstein-Barr Virus's T41 Glycoprotein 350/220

Epstein-Barr Virus Infection-Associated Facial Swelling: A Case Report

Interactions between sleep, inflammation, immunity and infections: A narrative review

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