Eptesicus fuscus Orthorubulavirus, a Close Relative of Human Parainfluenza Virus 4, Discovered in a Bat in South Dakota

Hause, Ben M.; Nelson, Eric; Christopher‐Hennings, Jane

doi:10.1128/spectrum.00930-21

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Additionally, during this study, Eptesicus fuscus, which was preyed upon by cats multiple times, was found to potentially harbour paramyxoviruses closely related to Human Parainfluenza Virus 4, thereby increasing its zoonotic potential (Hause et al 2021). Moreover, domestic cats are susceptible (Westbury et al 1996), and may potentially transmit Hendra virus, a bat-borne Henipavirus mostly found in Australia, to horses (Williamson et al 1998).…”

Section: Spillover Of Bat-associated Zoonotic Pathogens To Catsmentioning

confidence: 79%

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Cat–wildlife interactions and zoonotic disease risk: a call for more and better community science data

Szentivanyi,

Oedin,

Rocha

2023

Mammal Review

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Due to their close interaction with both wildlife and humans, free‐ranging domestic animals are well‐suited to act as conveyors of zoonotic pathogens. Yet, although cats Felis catus are major predators of bats and other groups of zoonotic concern (e.g., rodents and birds), mounting evidence suggests that their role in the emergence of zoonotic diseases may be unappreciated. Here, we use bat–cat information extracted from the popular iNaturalist platform as a case in point to illustrate the potential of community science and social media to expand our understanding of pet‐wildlife interactions. Although observations of cats preying on bats were more prevalent in Europe and North America, evidence of such interactions was documented across different geographic regions, revealing a relatively high incidence of bat predation by cats and providing evidence of cat–bat interactions previously unreported in the scientific literature. The lack of surveillance focused on cats and other pets as bridging hosts for zoonotic spillover events is concerning, considering the recognised risks they pose. Community science is a relatively untapped source of information for pet‐wildlife interactions of zoonotic relevance. It is crucial that we gain a better understanding of the interaction between free‐ranging pets and wildlife to better understand their potential contribution to past and future disease outbreaks. Failing to do so not only jeopardises human health but also puts pets at risk.

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Section: Spillover Of Bat-associated Zoonotic Pathogens To Catsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Spillover Of Bat‐associated Zoonotic Pathogens To Catsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Cat–wildlife interactions and zoonotic disease risk: a call for more and better community science data

Szentivanyi,

Oedin,

Rocha

2023

Mammal Review

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“…HPIV-2 and 4 are the causal agents of respiratory disease and can lead to severe outcomes [ 67 ]. Considering the recent identification of a close relative of parainfluenza virus 4 (another virus of human health concern, Orthorubulavirus ) in Eptesicus bats [ 68 ], bats may harbor the common ancestor of diverse parainfluenza viruses circulating in humans. In R. aegyptiacus , our study revealed a molluscum contagiosum-like poxvirus (PoxV-1A) related to the human MCV, which can persist for weeks or even years instead of causing acute disease [ 69 – 71 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substantial viral diversity in bats and rodents from East Africa: insights into evolution, recombination, and cocirculation

Wang,

Yang,

Ren

et al. 2024

Microbiome

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Background Zoonotic viruses cause substantial public health and socioeconomic problems worldwide. Understanding how viruses evolve and spread within and among wildlife species is a critical step when aiming for proactive identification of viral threats to prevent future pandemics. Despite the many proposed factors influencing viral diversity, the genomic diversity and structure of viral communities in East Africa are largely unknown. Results Using 38.3 Tb of metatranscriptomic data obtained via ultradeep sequencing, we screened vertebrate-associated viromes from 844 bats and 250 rodents from Kenya and Uganda collected from the wild. The 251 vertebrate-associated viral genomes of bats (212) and rodents (39) revealed the vast diversity, host-related variability, and high geographic specificity of viruses in East Africa. Among the surveyed viral families, Coronaviridae and Circoviridae showed low host specificity, high conservation of replication-associated proteins, high divergence among viral entry proteins, and frequent recombination. Despite major dispersal limitations, recurrent mutations, cocirculation, and occasional gene flow contribute to the high local diversity of viral genomes. Conclusions The present study not only shows the landscape of bat and rodent viromes in this zoonotic hotspot but also reveals genomic signatures driven by the evolution and dispersal of the viral community, laying solid groundwork for future proactive surveillance of emerging zoonotic pathogens in wildlife.

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“…The insectivorous E. fuscus is synanthropic and frequently roosts in human-made structures, leading to frequent interaction with humans. Besides being a known reservoir for the rabies virus, E. fuscus harbors many viruses that may pose zoonotic risks [28][29][30][31][32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alphacoronaviruses Are Common in Bats in the Upper Midwestern United States

Schaeffer

Temeeyasen

Hause

2022

Viruses

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Bats are a reservoir for coronaviruses (CoVs) that periodically spill over to humans, as evidenced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2. A collection of 174 bat samples originating from South Dakota, Minnesota, Iowa, and Nebraska submitted for rabies virus testing due to human exposure were analyzed using a pan-coronavirus PCR. A previously partially characterized CoV, Eptesicus bat CoV, was identified in 12 (6.9%) samples by nested RT-PCR. Six near-complete genomes were determined. Genetic analysis found a high similarity between all CoV-positive samples, Rocky Mountain bat CoV 65 and alphacoronavirus HCQD-2020 recently identified in South Korea. Phylogenetic analysis of genome sequences showed EbCoV is closely related to bat CoV HKU2 and swine acute diarrhea syndrome CoV; however, topological incongruences were noted for the spike gene that was more closely related to porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. Similar to some alphaCoVs, a novel gene, ORF7, was discovered downstream of the nucleocapsid, whose protein lacked similarity to known proteins. The widespread circulation of EbCoV with similarities to bat viruses that have spilled over to swine warrants further surveillance.

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Eptesicus fuscus Orthorubulavirus, a Close Relative of Human Parainfluenza Virus 4, Discovered in a Bat in South Dakota

Abstract: Bats are a reservoir of large numbers of viruses. Among bat-borne zoonotic viruses, members of Coronaviridae and Paramyxoviridae have had the largest impact on human health.

Cited by 6 publications

References 15 publications

Cat–wildlife interactions and zoonotic disease risk: a call for more and better community science data

Cat–wildlife interactions and zoonotic disease risk: a call for more and better community science data

Substantial viral diversity in bats and rodents from East Africa: insights into evolution, recombination, and cocirculation

Alphacoronaviruses Are Common in Bats in the Upper Midwestern United States

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