“…This investigation stopped short of concluding that the NICS 'failed to provide equality of opportunity' but demonstrated its complete failure to implement good practice in its personnel procedures and to have serious imbalances in its workforce, especially in senior positions, in favour of Protestants. Thereafter, the NICS moved quickly to implement good practice including religion monitoring (and for gender and disability) and became the catalyst for improvements of personnel practices in the public sector in general (Osborne, 1990;Harbison and Hodges, 1991;Carmichael, 2002). The results of the FEA investigations, especially in the public sector (which represented over 40 per cent of employment at this time), generally demonstrated an under-representation of Catholics especially in senior positions.…”