Equality, Success, and Social Justice in England and the United States

Robinson, Robert V.; Bell, Wendell

doi:10.2307/2094695

Cited by 237 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…This attitude seems to endorse the underdog thesis [19], [28], that explains how out-group people (that is atheists: Italy is a traditionally Catholic Country) are more likely to support ideological challenges to the status quo: external (obviously not fatalistic) or internal explanations of poverty.…”

Section: Faith and Practicementioning

confidence: 96%

How Religious Faith Affects Beliefs on Poverty: A Study in Italy

Norcia¹,

Rissotto²

2013

IJSSH

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Abstract-This study analyses the attributions of causality and the representations about poverty in order to better understand people's perception and to suggest adequate and shared interventions. The data we analyzed refer to a 2012 research which has been carried out on a sample of 1000 participants in Italy. Preliminary analysis has been conducted in order to get the relation among attribution of causality for impoverishment and religious beliefs to emerge. Further multivariate analysis has tested the relation net of other dimension as economic status (income), sex and education level.Index Terms-Poverty, causal attribution for poverty, religion and poverty.

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Section: Faith and Practicementioning

confidence: 96%

How Religious Faith Affects Beliefs on Poverty: A Study in Italy

Norcia¹,

Rissotto²

2013

IJSSH

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“…In short, the "underdog" principle and related positionality theories suggest that women, along with other disadvantaged groups, develop more liberal values and partisanship due to a greater awareness of structural inequality, solidarity with other disadvantaged groups, and lower preference for social dominance (Davis andRobinson 1991, 2006;Eagly et al 2004;Hunt 1996;Pratto et al 1997;Robinson and Bell 1978;Schuman and Harding 1963). Other work suggests that feminine-typed psychological characteristics such as communalism and concern for others are linked to more progressive politics (McDermott 2016), and that conservative politics are…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Positionality and status theories such as the underdog principle predict that structurallydisadvantaged groups will be consistently more liberal (Davenport 2016;Robinson and Bell 1978;Schuman and Harding 1963). Although women are frequently more liberal than men, women and men hold similar attitudes on some issues.…”

Section: The Underdog Paradoxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Religion Suppress Gender Differences in Values? A Cross-National Examination

Schnabel¹

2018

Preprint

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Women are typically more liberal than men. But on some issues related to "traditional moral values"-including sexuality and the beginning and end of life-women are just as if not more conservative than men. This study examines the role of religion in complicating the relationship between gender and values cross-nationally, with particular attention to variation across religious groups and contexts. Using data from a diverse set of 56 countries in the World Values Survey (N=85,181), I find that religiousness suppresses what would otherwise be larger and more consistent gender differences in values among Christians. Among most other groups, including Jews, Hindus, Buddhists, Taoists, and Muslims in non-Muslim contexts, religiousness does not greatly alter gender differences in values. However, among Muslims in Muslim-majority contexts-where men tend to be more religious than women-religiousness amplifies what would otherwise be smaller gender differences in values. Accordingly, gender differences in values tend to be larger among Muslims than Christians. I conclude that religions are complex and powerful social structures with heterogeneous social consequences. Keywords Gender Differences in Values 2Women tend to be more liberal than men. In many contexts, women are more likely to claim liberal identities, espouse egalitarian values, and vote for progressive politicians (Beutel and Marini 1995;Box-Steffensmeier, DeBoef, and Lin 2004;Charrad 2011;Davis and Robinson 1991;Hadler 2012;Inglehart and Norris 1999;Manza and Brooks 1998;McDermott 2016;Pratto, Stallworth, and Sidanius 1997;Shapiro and Mahajan 1986). Yet, in a gender-and-politics paradox, women are just as if not more conservative than men on certain issues related to notions of "traditional morality"-including gender-related issues such as abortion-in at least some contexts (Barkan 2014;Schnabel 2018). In another gender paradox, religion tends to be mendominated and yet women-populated . Historic religious figures and current religious leaders are predominantly men, and religion often promotes patriarchal beliefs and gender inequality (Edgell 2006;Edgell and Docka 2007;Schnabel 2016a).Nevertheless, women being more religious than men is one of the most consistent findings in the social sciences (Hoffmann 2009). Although the gender gap in religion is frequently noted, its political repercussions are largely ignored (but see Rinehart and Perkins 1989). As I will demonstrate, gender differences in religion help explain the gender-and-politics paradox on certain "traditional moral values" 2 related to sexuality and the beginning and end of life.In this study, I argue that religion intersects with social status characteristics such as gender and that the social consequences of religiosity vary across religious groups and contexts (Read and Eagle 2014;Schnabel 2016b;Stewart, Frost, and Edgell 2017;Wilde and Glassman 2016 Christianity specifically may be a feminine-typed "underdog" religion, appealing more to women based on gendered social norms and women...

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“…In such a view, the "WE-ST" emerges, by and large inexplicably-like Pallas Athene in Greek mythology, in full armor, from Zeus' head-as a phenomenon sui generis. There is a strong tendency, especially among scholars in Europe, to see this as an organic "civilizational" achievement on part of the "West" (Lindbeck, 1995;Korpi and Palme, 1998;Robinson and Bell, 1978) moral phenomenon sui generis and, hence, a "civilizational" feature, that implies that the phenomenon requires no proper historical contextualization beyond pointing atand presumably, celebrating, or, more rarely, from neoliberal perspectives, lamenting -its very existence. In this context, the very act of raising the question of the world-historical conditions in which the "WE-ST" appeared might appear heretical to some.…”

Section: Redistribution-reconstructing the Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intersections. Eejsp_vol2_no2

EEJSP

2016

Intersections

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Equality, Success, and Social Justice in England and the United States

Cited by 237 publications

References 32 publications

How Religious Faith Affects Beliefs on Poverty: A Study in Italy

How Religious Faith Affects Beliefs on Poverty: A Study in Italy

Does Religion Suppress Gender Differences in Values? A Cross-National Examination

Intersections. Eejsp_vol2_no2

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