Equation to estimate the surface tensions of stainless steels

Su, Yunhai; Li, Z.; Mills, Kenneth C.

doi:10.1007/s10853-005-1933-8

Cited by 46 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…[14] However, no literature data on ðds=dT Þ of stainless steels containing approximately 1000 mass ppm S was found to compare with the values obtained in the present work. Moreover, the present experimental data do not match the theoretical equation derived by Su et al [6] for the temperature coefficient of surface tension.…”

Section: Surface Tensioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…In the range of 100 to 500 mass ppm S, the temperature coefficient of surface tension increases with S level. According to Su et al, [6] the liquid surface is completely covered by sulfur at approximately 500 mass ppm soluble sulfur content. As shown in Figure 4, no increase in ðds=dT Þ was observed when the sulfur content was raised from 500 mass ppm S to 1000 mass ppm.…”

Section: Surface Tensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the work of Su et al, [6] a model was proposed based on published surface tension data to calculate surface tension for a wide range of austenitic and ferritic stainless steels with varying sulfur concentrations at different temperatures. However, the manganese concentration in their model was limited to 2 wt%.…”

Section: Surface Tensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the literature review of Keene, [5] O, S, Se, and Te were found to be highly surface active elements in Fe-(O/S/Se/Te) binary alloys, resulting in a decrease in the surface tension of the pure iron. In the work of Su et al, [6] the influence of sulfur on the surface tension in stainless steels has been studied. According to Mills et al, [7] an increase in the sulfur content of steel will decrease the surface tension and high sulfur content leads to a positive temperature coefficient of surface tension ðds=dT Þ which is relevant to the thermocapillary forces in TIG welding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Surface Tension on Gas Atomization of a CrMnNi Steel Alloy

Dubberstein

Heller

2013

steel research int.

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The aim of the current research is the experimental investigation of the mass median particle size d 50 as a function of surface tension for liquid Cr-Mn-Ni steel alloy with 16% Cr, 7% Mn, and 9% Ni. To modify the liquid steel design sulfur was add to the Cr-Mn-Ni steel in five steps up to a 1000 mass ppm. The surface tension of the liquid steel alloy was measured using maximum bubble pressure method and yttria stabilized capillary in a temperature range from 1701 to 1881 K. In addition, the same steel charges were sprayed to steel powder using a vacuum inert gas atomization using pure argon gas. The increase of sulfur in Cr-Mn-Ni steel will decrease the surface tension to 0.91 N m À1 . The temperature coefficient of surface tension is positive for all investigated Cr-Mn-Ni alloys due to a sulfur content !100 mass ppm. The final mass median particle size d 50 decreases from 54.3 mm for AISI 304 reference steel alloy to 17.1 mm for Cr-Mn-Ni steel alloy (16-7-9 S10) with the highest sulfur content and the lowest surface tension of all investigated liquid steels. It is concluded from the present work that surface tension is the decisive factor in adjusting d 50 at a constant spraying parameters.

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Section: Surface Tensioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Surface Tensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Surface Tensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Surface Tension on Gas Atomization of a CrMnNi Steel Alloy

Dubberstein

Heller

2013

steel research int.

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“…The following equation was adopted for the "pure" metal. where R*ϭGas constant, G s ϭsurface excess concentration, K S ϭequilibrium constant for the absorption of S on the metal and a S ϭactivity coefficient of S in Fe (ϭ0.68 wt% S 19) ). The following procedures were employed to analyse the data reported by Brooks et al 18) and Li et al 9) (i) G s was determined from the limiting slope of the plot of the surface tension of steel against ln a S (i.e.…”

Section: Analysis Of Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Equations for the Calculation of the Thermo-physical Properties of Stainless Steel

Mills

et al. 2004

ISIJ International

134

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Equations have been derived to calculate values of the thermophysical properties of all stainless steels for temperatures between 300 and 1 800 K (austenitic 3 series, ferritic-4 series and precipitation-hardened 6-series alloys). Values of the following properties are given in both figures and tables: density (r), thermal expansion coefficient (a), heat capacity (C p ), enthalpy (H T ϪH 298 ), thermal conductivity (l) and thermal diffusivity (a), electrical resistivity (R), viscosity (h) and surface tension (g).KEY WORDS: stainless steels; thermo-physical properties; density; surface tension; viscosity; heat capacity; enthalpy; thermal and electrical conductivity.

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Aluminium‐carbon nanotubes composites produced from friction stir processing and selective laser melting

Tan

Guo

et al. 2016

Materialwissenschaft Werkst

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Aluminium reinforced with multi-wall carbon nanotubes was produced using friction stir processing and selective laser melting. Very fine grains were successfully achieved in both methods with high Vickers hardness values. Cavities were present in selective laser melting of AlSi10Mg reinforced with multi-wall carbon nanotubes parts resulting in higher stress concentration brittle fracture appearance. The high laser absorption and higher thermal conductivity of multi-wall carbon nanotubes resulted in the formation of the cavities in the melted parts. However, the fractography images showed dimpled like appearance indicating a ductile fracture mechanism. Multi-wall carbon nanotubes were observed at the fracture sites indicating the presence of a crack-bridging mechanism. In comparison to carbon nanotubes reinforced aluminium by friction stir processing, selective laser melting produces aluminium reinforced aluminium with better mechanical properties.

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Equation to estimate the surface tensions of stainless steels

Cited by 46 publications

References 6 publications

Effect of Surface Tension on Gas Atomization of a CrMnNi Steel Alloy

Effect of Surface Tension on Gas Atomization of a CrMnNi Steel Alloy

Equations for the Calculation of the Thermo-physical Properties of Stainless Steel

Aluminium‐carbon nanotubes composites produced from friction stir processing and selective laser melting

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