Equilibrium: A novel classroom demonstration

Hambly, Gordon F.

doi:10.1021/ed052p519.1

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…When the "energy differential" table is used, an approach to equilibrium is not as well demonstrated due to a larger deviation in the number of balls (5) relative to the "even level" case. The energy barrier is apparently too low to reproduce a constant approach to equilibrium with only 50 balls.…”

Section: Uneven Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An Equilibrium Machine Douglas J. Sawyer1 and Thomas E. Martens Arizona State University,Tempe, AZ 85287 Several activities and demonstrations that use water to demonstrate the concept of chemical equilibrium have been reported (1)(2)(3)(4). In 1975, Hambly (5) described a classroom demonstration of equilibrium where balls are thrown between two groups of students.…”

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confidence: 99%

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An equilibrium machine

Sawyer¹,

Martens²

1992

J. Chem. Educ.

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Section: Uneven Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An equilibrium machine

Sawyer¹,

Martens²

1992

J. Chem. Educ.

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“…Many concepts associated with kinetics and equilibria can be illustrated with energy diagrams that describe the energies of chemical species as functions of reaction progress. Many models, ranging from physical to abstract models and including models of energy diagrams, have been used to describe kinetics and equilibria. − The energy diagram models help to demonstrate how chemical species distributions are affected by time and energy in a chemical system. Figure shows the energy diagram models or “shakers” that have been developed for this laboratory activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Beads and Divided Containers To Study Kinetic and Equilibrium Isotope Effects in the Laboratory and in the Classroom

et al. 2017

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The purpose of this laboratory experiment is to study fundamental concepts of kinetics and equilibria and the isotope effects associated with both of these concepts. The concepts of isotopes in introductory and general chemistry courses are typically used within the contexts of atomic weights and radioactivity. Kinetic and equilibrium isotope effects are typically covered in upper-level courses in the chemistry curriculum, but the concepts behind these isotope effects are also relevant to introductory chemistry. Beads (specifically "airsoft" pellets) of the same size but with two different masses can be used to represent isotopes of two different masses in classroom activities. Plastic Petri dishes with dividers can be modified so that the chambers can represent different states of matter or different chemical species. When the Petri dishes containing a number of beads of each mass are shaken, the beads will be distributed among the chambers in a manner similar to isotope distributions in matter. The bead/Petri dish shakers have been used as a chemistry demonstration and as a chemistry laboratory activity. Additionally, LEGO-based models containing chambers separated by dividers can be used to demonstrate the phenomena of kinetics and equilibria. The laboratory experiments can be performed in one laboratory period and are designed to touch on a variety of topics relevant for general chemistry students, although the lab could also be easily used for students with more or less advanced backgrounds.

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“…Numerous models and analogies (1-4), computer simulations (5), demonstrations (6)(7)(8)(9), and even games (10)(11)(12) have been described that attempt to facilitate an understanding of equilibrium, kinetics, and related energy concepts. In fact, three "home-built" apparatuses intended to demonstrate these concepts have been described in the pages of this Journal (13)(14)(15).…”

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confidence: 99%

An Updated Equilibrium Machine

Schultz¹

2008

J. Chem. Educ.

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A device that can demonstrate equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic concepts is described. The device consists of a leaf blower attached to a plastic container divided into two chambers by a barrier of variable size and form. Styrofoam balls can be exchanged across the barrier when the leaf blower is turned on and various air pressures are applied. Equilibrium can be approached from different distributions of balls in the container under different conditions. The Le Châtelier principle can be demonstrated. Kinetic concepts can be demonstrated by changing the nature of the barrier, either changing the height or by having various sized holes in the barrier. Thermodynamic concepts can be demonstrated by taping over some or all of the openings and restricting air flow into container on either side of the barrier.

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Equilibrium: A novel classroom demonstration

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

An equilibrium machine

An equilibrium machine

Using Beads and Divided Containers To Study Kinetic and Equilibrium Isotope Effects in the Laboratory and in the Classroom

An Updated Equilibrium Machine

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