Equilibrium nanostructure of primary soot particles

Hurt, Robert H.; Crawford, Gregory P.; Shim, Hong-Shig

doi:10.1016/s0082-0784(00)80670-0

Cited by 118 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…3b, the higher-magnification image of primary particles demonstrates fine structure composed of graphite crystallites with better defined graphene (graphitic) sheets near the particle peripheries than at the centers, which is consistent with the reported fine structure of primary particles. 1,3,[96][97][98][99] The soot generated and studied in our experiments is similar in morphology and size to other flamegenerated soot. Some of the aggregates appeared to have less well-defined primary particles with less turbostratic graphitic order apparent in the fine structure.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 64%

Particle formation from pulsed laser irradiation of soot aggregates studied with a scanning mobility particle sizer, a transmission electron microscope, and a scanning transmission x-ray microscope

Michelsen¹,

Tivanski²,

Gilles³

et al. 2007

Appl. Opt.

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*Send correspondence to hamiche@ca.sandia.gov A scanning mobility particle sizer was used to measure changes in size distributions of soot particles when exposed to laser radiation at 532 or 1064 nm with fluences up to 0.8 J/cm 2 . Laser-induced production of carbon nanoparticles was observed at fluences above 0.12 J/cm 2 at 532 nm and 0.22 J/cm 2 at 1064 nm. Near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure spectra showed predominantly graphitic (sp 2 -hybridized) carbon in the non-irradiated particles and significantly different features in the irradiated particles. These results are consistent with differences in the fine structure between irradiated and non-irradiated samples observed by transmission electron microscopy.Copyright 2

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 64%

Particle formation from pulsed laser irradiation of soot aggregates studied with a scanning mobility particle sizer, a transmission electron microscope, and a scanning transmission x-ray microscope

Michelsen¹,

Tivanski²,

Gilles³

et al. 2007

Appl. Opt.

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“…5b) shows the core diameter to decrease from that at the flame root, with increasing temperature in the high temperature zone as well as with decreasing temperature in moving away from the flame root. The latter trend is well explained qualitatively by the equilibrium relations proposed by Hurt et al [49], where the total free energies of the system consisting of the elastic strain energy and the orientational energy is minimized to give the core radius. The core radius is shown to be inversely proportional to (T c -T), where T c is the flame root temperature and T is the temperature at any location along the flame.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…The particle extracted at h = 2 cm (Fig. 6b) shows a clear amorphous core surrounded by crystallites arranged radially in columns [49]. Increasing h to 5 cm (subcooled, temperature = 1,657 K) retains the structure (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Early work of Dobbins and Megaridis [37], for example, reported an increase in primary particle size till about 40 nm of height above the flame root, followed by a reduction due to oxidation at a longer distance from the flame root. Hurt et al [49] report a reduction in the size of primary particles with increasing distance from the flame root, due to progressive sintering and collapse. Figure 4b shows the diameter of the core to reduce consistently with increasing h till h = 5 cm.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship Between Physical Structure and Tribology of Single Soot Particles Generated by Burning Ethylene

Bhowmick

Biswas

2011

Tribol Lett

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Ethylene gas is burnt and the soot generated is sampled thermophoretically at different heights along the flame axis starting from a region close to the root of the flame. The morphology and crystallinity of the particle are recorded using high resolution transmission electron microscopes. The hardness of a single particle is measured using a nanoindenter. The frictional resistance and material removal of a particle are measured using an atomic force microscope. The particles present in the mid-flame region are found to have a crystalline shell. The ones at the flame root are found to be highly disordered and the ones at the flame tip and above have randomly distributed pockets of short range order. The physical state of a particle is found to relate, but not very strongly, with the mechanical and tribological properties of the particles.

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“…The latter phenomenon has mechanistic implications for the evolution of soot particle surface morphology, which has been receiving increasing attention [21][22][23][24], as well as to growth of fullerenic materials and carbon nanotubes [25,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene layer growth: Collision of migrating five-member rings

Whitesides

Kollias

Domin

et al. 2007

Proceedings of the Combustion Institute

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(not included in Total) 144Total 5787Accepted for Oral Presentation and Publication at st International Symposium on CombustionUniversity of Heidelberg, Germany, August 6-11, 20062 Abstract A reaction pathway is explored in which two cyclopenta groups combine on the zigzag edge of a graphene layer. The process is initiated by H addition to a five-membered ring, followed by opening of that ring and the formation of a six-membered ring adjacent to another fivemembered ring. The elementary steps of the migration pathway are analyzed using density functional theory to examine the region of the potential energy surface associated with the pathway. The calculations are performed on a substrate modeled by the zigzag edge of tetracene.Based on the obtained energetics, the dynamics of the system are analyzed by solving the energy transfer master equations. The results indicate energetic and reaction-rate similarity between the cyclopenta combination and migration reactions. Also examined in the present study are desorption rates of migrating cyclopenta rings which are found to be comparable to cyclopenta ring migration.

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Equilibrium nanostructure of primary soot particles

Cited by 118 publications

References 17 publications

Particle formation from pulsed laser irradiation of soot aggregates studied with a scanning mobility particle sizer, a transmission electron microscope, and a scanning transmission x-ray microscope

Particle formation from pulsed laser irradiation of soot aggregates studied with a scanning mobility particle sizer, a transmission electron microscope, and a scanning transmission x-ray microscope

Relationship Between Physical Structure and Tribology of Single Soot Particles Generated by Burning Ethylene

Graphene layer growth: Collision of migrating five-member rings

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