Equine Coronavirus Infection

Pusterla, Nicola; Vin, Ron; Leutenegger, Christian M.; Mittel, Linda D.; Divers, Thomas J.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-47426-7_4

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The amino acid sequence of the ECoV Spike protein is considered to be highly conserved [ 7 ]. ECoV is closely related to the BCoV and camel coronavirus (HKU23) [ 23 , 24 ], and horses vaccinated with the BCoV vaccine were demonstrating some extent of neutralizing immunity against ECoV [ 24 ]. In the same year that the study serum samples were collected (2018), 20/52 (38.5%) of the fecal and intestinal samples from cattle that were tested for BCoV in the Kimron Veterinary Institute were positive by qPCR [ 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Exposure to Equine Coronavirus in Apparently Healthy Horses in Israel

Schvartz

Tirosh-Levy

Barnum

et al. 2021

Animals

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Equine coronavirus (ECoV) infection is the cause of an emerging enteric disease of adult horses. Outbreaks have been reported in the USA, EU and Japan, as well as sporadic cases in the UK and Saudi Arabia. Infection of ECoV in horses in Israel has never been reported, and the risk of exposure is unknown. Importation and exportation of horses from and into Israel may have increased the exposure of horses in Israel to ECoV. While the disease is mostly self-limiting, with or without supportive treatment, severe complications may occur in some animals, and healthy carriers may pose a risk of infection to other horses. This study was set to evaluate the risk of exposure to ECoV of horses in Israel by using a previously validated, S1-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A total of 41 out of 333 horses (12.3%) were seropositive. Exposure to ECoV was detected in 17 of 29 farms (58.6%) and the seroprevalence varied between 0 and 37.5% amongst farms. The only factor found to be significantly associated with ECoV exposure in the multivariable model was the geographical area (p < 0.001). ECoV should be included in the differential diagnosis list of pathogens in cases of adult horses with anorexia, lethargy, fever and gastrointestinal signs in Israel.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Exposure to Equine Coronavirus in Apparently Healthy Horses in Israel

Schvartz

Tirosh-Levy

Barnum

et al. 2021

Animals

Self Cite

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“…Equine coronavirus is classified within the genus Betacoronavirus due to its relatedness to BCoV (Brownlie, 2017). Clinical symptoms associated with ECoV disease in affected horses include diarrhoea, fever, anorexia, and lethargy, with the number of clinical cases being higher during autumn and winter (Pusterla et al, 2017;Nemoto et al, 2014;Pusterla et al, 2013). Clinically apparent infection is mostly seen in adults and it is presumed that the pathogenicity of ECoV is linked with the horse's age, i.e., the presence of passive colostral immunity (Pusterla et al, 2018;Pusterla et al, 2013).…”

Section: Equine Coronavirus (Ecov)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Horses with manifest disease shed ECoV in their faeces for several weeks and up to three months, but asymptomatic animals are also a significant source of the disease (Goodrich et al 2020;Pusterla et al, 2018;Pusterla et al, 2013). Isolation of ECoV is possible in HRT-18 cells, but viral detection is predominantly performed by faecal real-time RT-PCR (Brownlie, 2017;Pusterla et al, 2017;Miszczak et al, 2016). A vaccine for ECoV remains unavailable.…”

Section: Equine Coronavirus (Ecov)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of the most significant coronavirus infections in veterinary medicine

2020

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Background. Coronaviruses (CoVs) have been recognized in veterinary virology for a long time and comprise a large group of RNA viruses responsible for enteric, respiratory, hepatic, and neurologic diseases in a variety of animal species and humans. These viruses are very adaptable considering their highly error-prone replication process and recombination ability, resulting in remarkable mutability and efficient expansion of their host range and tissue tropism. Scope and Approach. In the recent past, after the outbreaks caused by SARS-CoV in 2002 and MERS-CoV in 2012, CoVs became a research focus in the scientific community. Moreover, the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic raised more questions concerning the threats posed by these viruses. Several significant examples of coronaviruses jumping the species barrier and changing their tropism have been reported in the past, and novel viruses of both animals and humans have appeared as a consequence. This paper reviews some of the examples of CoV mutability and the most notable animal coronaviruses of veterinary relevance. Key Findings and Conclusions. There is still no proof that the novel virus SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted to humans from domestic animals, and its recent cross-species jump is currently being intensively researched. Intensified and diverse human activities that lead to the disruption of ecosystems contribute to the increased risk of contact with animals that might represent virus reservoirs. The need for constant surveillance of CoVs and expanded studies of their virological traits, mutation mechanisms, diversity, prophylactic and therapeutic measures highlight the key role of both veterinarians and medical doctors in order to preserve the health of the human population.

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Point of care diagnostics and non-invasive sampling strategy: a review on major advances in veterinary diagnostics

et al. 2022

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The use of point of care diagnostics (POCD) in animal diseases has steadily increased over the years since its introduction. Its potential application to diagnose infectious diseases in remote and resource limited settings have made it an ideal diagnostic in animal disease diagnosis and surveillance. The rapid increase in incidence of emerging infectious diseases requires urgent attention where POCD could be indispensable tools for immediate detection and early warning of a potential pathogen. The advantages of being rapid, easily affordable and the ability to diagnose an infectious disease on spot has driven an intense effort to refine and build on the existing technologies to generate advanced POCD with incremental improvements in analytical performance to diagnose a broad spectrum of animal diseases. The rural communities in developing countries are invariably affected by the burden of infectious animal diseases due to limited access to diagnostics and animal health personnel. Besides, the alarming trend of emerging and transboundary diseases with pathogen spill-overs at livestock-wildlife interfaces has been identified as a threat to the domestic population and wildlife conservation. Under such circumstances, POCD coupled with non-invasive sampling techniques could be successfully deployed at field level without the use of sophisticated laboratory infrastructures. This review illustrates the current and prospective POCD for existing and emerging animal diseases, the status of non-invasive sampling strategies for animal diseases, and the tremendous potential of POCD to uplift the status of global animal health care.

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Equine Coronavirus Infection

Cited by 4 publications

References 27 publications

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Exposure to Equine Coronavirus in Apparently Healthy Horses in Israel

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Exposure to Equine Coronavirus in Apparently Healthy Horses in Israel

Overview of the most significant coronavirus infections in veterinary medicine

Point of care diagnostics and non-invasive sampling strategy: a review on major advances in veterinary diagnostics

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