Equine encephalosis virus (EEV): A Review

Dhama, Kuldeep; Pawaiya, R.V.S.; Karthik, Kumaragurubaran; Chakrabort, Sandip; Tiwari, Ruchi; Verma, Amit Kumar

doi:10.3923/ajava.2014.123.133

Cited by 7 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…AHS and EE are similar in many aspects: both are non‐zoonotic equid diseases caused by viruses belonging to the Orbivirus genus of the Reoviridae family (Viljoen and Huismans, ; Mellor and Hamblin, ; Dhama et al., ), both share the same vectors (Venter et al., , ) and present a comparable geographical distribution. Both viruses are considered endemic in sub‐Saharan countries, with rare outbreaks in North Africa and western Asia (Mildenberg et al., ; MacLachlan and Guthrie, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The last AHS outbreak in Europe occurred between 1987 and 1990 in the Iberian Peninsula and resulted from the importation of infected zebras (Rodriguez et al., ; Zientara et al., ). EE has never been observed in Europe (Dhama et al., ), and the last major outbreak was reported in Israel in 2009 (Mildenberg et al., ) where the disease is now considered endemic (Wescott et al., ; Aharonson‐Raz et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Comparative Risk Analysis of TwoCulicoides-Borne Diseases in Horses: Equine Encephalosis More Likely to Enter France than African Horse Sickness

Faverjon

Leblond

Lecollinet

et al. 2016

Transbound Emerg Dis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

African horse sickness (AHS) and equine encephalosis (EE) are Culicoides-borne viral diseases that could have the potential to spread across Europe if introduced, thus being potential threats for the European equine industry. Both share similar epidemiology, transmission patterns and geographical distribution. Using stochastic spatiotemporal models of virus entry, we assessed and compared the probabilities of both viruses entering France via two pathways: importation of live-infected animals or importation of infected vectors. Analyses were performed for three consecutive years (2010-2012). Seasonal and regional differences in virus entry probabilities were the same for both diseases. However, the probability of EE entry was much higher than the probability of AHS entry. Interestingly, the most likely entry route differed between AHS and EE: AHS has a higher probability to enter through an infected vector and EE has a higher probability to enter through an infectious host. Consequently, different effective protective measures were identified by 'what-if' scenarios for the two diseases. The implementation of vector protection on all animals (equine and bovine) coming from low-risk regions before their importation was the most effective in reducing the probability of AHS entry. On the other hand, the most significant reduction in the probability of EE entry was obtained by the implementation of quarantine before import for horses coming from both EU and non-EU countries. The developed models can be useful to implement risk-based surveillance.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Risk Analysis of TwoCulicoides-Borne Diseases in Horses: Equine Encephalosis More Likely to Enter France than African Horse Sickness

Faverjon

Leblond

Lecollinet

et al. 2016

Transbound Emerg Dis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Equine encephalosis is an arthropodborne, noncontagious disease of equids, characterized by fever and lassitude ( 1 ). For some affected horses, lack of appetite and some degree of edema have been reported as secondary complications ( 2 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two species of midge, Culicoides imicola (species complex) and C. bolitinos , have been implicated as EEV vectors ( 1 ). Although EEV infection results in high (60%–70%) morbidity rates among equids, deaths from this infection are rare ( 1 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Equine Encephalosis Virus in India, 2008

Yadav¹,

Albariño²,

Nyayanit³

et al. 2018

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Characterization of a novel reassortment Tibet orbivirus isolated from Culicoides spp. in Yunnan, PR China

Ren

Wang

Liang

et al. 2021

Journal of General Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Orbiviruses are arboviruses with 10 double-stranded linear RNA segments, and some have been identified as pathogens of dramatic epizootics in both wild and domestic ruminants. Tibet orbivirus (TIBOV) is a new orbivirus isolated from hematophagous insects in recent decades, and, currently, most of the strains have been isolated from insects in PR China, except for two from Japan. In this study, we isolated a novel reassortment TIBOV strain, YN15-283-01, from Culicoides spp. To identify and understand more characteristics of YN15-283-01, electrophoresis profiles of the viral genome, electron microscopic observations, plaque assays, growth curves in various cell lines, and bioinformatic analysis were conducted. The results indicated that YN15-283-01 replicated efficiently in mosquito cells, rodent cells and several primate cells. Furthermore, the maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees and simplot analysis of the 10 segments indicated that YN15-283-01 is a natural reassortment isolate that had emerged mainly from XZ0906 and SX-2017a.

show abstract

Equine encephalosis virus (EEV): A Review

Cited by 7 publications

References 23 publications

Comparative Risk Analysis of TwoCulicoides-Borne Diseases in Horses: Equine Encephalosis More Likely to Enter France than African Horse Sickness

Comparative Risk Analysis of TwoCulicoides-Borne Diseases in Horses: Equine Encephalosis More Likely to Enter France than African Horse Sickness

Equine Encephalosis Virus in India, 2008

Characterization of a novel reassortment Tibet orbivirus isolated from Culicoides spp. in Yunnan, PR China

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About