Equine eosinophilic keratitis in horses: 28 cases (2003–2013)

Edwards, Sydney; Clode, Alison B.; Gilger, Brian C.

doi:10.1002/ccr3.350

Cited by 12 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Whether EK is truly increasing in incidence or is simply now recognized more routinely by veterinarians is unclear. The cases described here were similar to previous reports of equine EK in that laterality was not seen, and seasonality of disease occurrence was appreciated with the majority of cases presenting in the summer months of June‐August . The descriptive nature of this study did not allow statistical analysis of environmental factors in regard to development of clinical disease, and further studies are required to fully analyze environmental factors as they relate to onset of EK.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…The majority of horses for which housing information was available were reported to live on pasture, which arguably may predispose to contact with environmental allergens. However, a previous study revealed that most horses diagnosed with EK were stalled during the day and on pasture at night …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Cytology and histopathology often reveal numerous eosinophils within the corneal plaque, although other inflammatory cells, including mast cells, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and neutrophils, may be present . Recent studies have reviewed the effects of husbandry and environmental conditions on disease prevalence, as well as the clinical findings and treatment of EK . Retrospective studies conducted in the Mid‐Atlantic region of the United States as well as in the state of North Carolina have shown the disease to have a seasonal occurrence, although no associations with husbandry, humidity, or environmental temperature have been found …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Equine eosinophilic keratoconjunctivitis in California: retrospective study of 47 eyes from 29 cases (1993‐2017)

Knickelbein

Luethy

Thomasy

et al. 2019

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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Objective (a) To evaluate the epidemiology of equine eosinophilic keratoconjunctivitis (EK) in the western United States, (b) to ascertain the efficacy of keratectomy and diamond burr debridement vs medical management alone, (c) to determine the efficacy of various medical therapies, and (d) to further characterize the histopathologic findings of the disease in horses. Animals studied Twenty‐nine horses (47 eyes) diagnosed with EK from 1993 to 2017. Procedure Retrospective medical record review; owner questionnaire. Results Average age of presentation was 11 ± 4 years. Warmbloods were significantly overrepresented (P = 0.024). Twenty horses were treated with medical therapy alone, five were treated with superficial lamellar keratectomy, and four were treated with diamond burr debridement. Follow‐up data were available for 38 eyes of 23 horses. Median time to resolution for horses treated with either superficial keratectomy or diamond burr debridement (62 days) was not statistically significantly different from those that underwent medical therapy alone (46 days; P = 0.33). Eyes treated with topical steroids had a statistically significant longer median time to resolution (61 days) compared to those that did not receive topical steroid (44 days; P = 0.023). Common histopathologic findings in keratectomy samples included the presence of eosinophils, vascularization, and an eosinophilic membrane spanning areas of ulceration. Conclusion In this population, time to EK resolution was similar for horses treated with medical and surgical management. The use of topical steroids was associated with a prolonged time to resolution. Keratectomy samples from horses with EK had similar findings to those reported in other species.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Equine eosinophilic keratoconjunctivitis in California: retrospective study of 47 eyes from 29 cases (1993‐2017)

Knickelbein

Luethy

Thomasy

et al. 2019

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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“…; Edwards et al . ; Gonzalez‐Medina et al ., unpublished data). There is no sex, breed or age predisposition, although in the latest case series by Edwards et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equine eosinophilic keratitis: An emergent ocular condition?

González‐Medina

2018

Equine Veterinary Education

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Summary Eosinophilic keratitis (EK) is considered an immune mediated disorder associated with an underlying type I or IV hypersensitivity reaction to parasitic or environment allergens. It is believed that the persistency of inflammatory mediators and recruitment of eosinophils into the conjunctival tissue have detrimental effects on the corneal surface. Epithelial cells are consequently damaged, particularly by eosinophilic toxic proteins, which determine the lack of epithelial healing and plaque formation. Although some clinical signs are common to other corneal diseases, the location of the lesion, presence of corneal plaques and time of the year, may help practitioners to identify EK. Topical therapy with steroids or immune‐modulators seems to be the most effective treatment in small, localised lesions while large epithelial defects will benefit from a thorough debridement and/or early keratectomy, before secondary microbial infection may occur.

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“…Medical treatment usually takes several months (two retrospective studies reported 3.7 [±2.3] months and 4.1 [±3.2] months, respectively)2,3 to effect a cure, and recurrence of disease is also reported. Secondary infection can extend the time to resolution.…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eosinophilic keratitis in horses

Hartley

2018

Veterinary Record

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Fig 2). More rarely, peripheral and perilimbal yellow supericial stromal iniltrates of eosinophils might be present in a 360° border (Fig 3). Horses can be uni-or bilaterally afected. Spontaneous bilateral corneal ulcers should always raise the suspicion of eosinophilic keratitis. There is oten a distinct seasonal distribution of cases, with the majority occurring in the summer months (June to October). Diagnosis Cytology should be undertaken under a standing sedation with an auriculopalpebral nerve block and topical anaesthesia. The slide is then air-dried and can be stained in-house with Dif-Quik stain for rapid diagnosis, if a microscope is available. The presence of an eosinophil is diagnostic, but neutrophils and plasma cells may also be commonly seen. Ideally, multiple cytological slides should be

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Equine eosinophilic keratitis in horses: 28 cases (2003–2013)

Cited by 12 publications

References 21 publications

Equine eosinophilic keratoconjunctivitis in California: retrospective study of 47 eyes from 29 cases (1993‐2017)

Equine eosinophilic keratoconjunctivitis in California: retrospective study of 47 eyes from 29 cases (1993‐2017)

Equine eosinophilic keratitis: An emergent ocular condition?

Eosinophilic keratitis in horses

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