Equine Melanocytic Tumors: A Narrative Review

Pimenta, José; Prada, Justina; Cotovio, Mário

doi:10.3390/ani13020247

Cited by 9 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…Even with the increasing prevalence of oncological diseases, the molecular features related to tumor initiation, maintenance, and progression are still poorly understood, especially regarding equine melanocytic tumors [ 9 , 47 , 48 , 49 ]. These tumors were long neglected because of their harmless behavior, justifying the scarce amount of research [ 15 ]. Thus, COX-2 expression in equine tumors is still poorly explored [ 22 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding breed, no conclusion could be made since most horses were purebred Lusitano. However, most authors stated that breed is not a risk factor, and the higher prevalence of melanocytic tumors reported in some breeds is related to high numbers of gray horses they have [ 12 , 15 , 60 ]. The literature does not consider ulceration to be a feature of malignancy in equine melanocytic tumors [ 13 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They usually emerge on cutaneous and mucocutaneous localizations such as the perianal region, tail, lips, eyelids, genital area, and parotid region, with a higher prevalence in gray horses due to genetic predisposition [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. Even when possessing histological features of malignancy, these tumors tend to present a prolonged benign behavior, distinguished by slow mass expansion, with invasion and metastasis being rarely reported [ 3 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. The major clinical problem that clinicians face with equine melanocytic tumors is the massive dimensions that these tumors can acquire, which compromises a few physiological functions and the integrity of some structures due to their being typically located in sensitive areas [ 15 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even when possessing histological features of malignancy, these tumors tend to present a prolonged benign behavior, distinguished by slow mass expansion, with invasion and metastasis being rarely reported [ 3 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. The major clinical problem that clinicians face with equine melanocytic tumors is the massive dimensions that these tumors can acquire, which compromises a few physiological functions and the integrity of some structures due to their being typically located in sensitive areas [ 15 , 17 ]. The size and the location also impair the success of surgical excision, which is currently the most common therapy for equine melanocytic tumors [ 15 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The major clinical problem that clinicians face with equine melanocytic tumors is the massive dimensions that these tumors can acquire, which compromises a few physiological functions and the integrity of some structures due to their being typically located in sensitive areas [ 15 , 17 ]. The size and the location also impair the success of surgical excision, which is currently the most common therapy for equine melanocytic tumors [ 15 , 17 ]. Despite their mostly benign behavior, it has been reported that, in some cases, the clinical behavior of these tumors can change with time, becoming more aggressive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Expression in Equine Melanocytic Tumors

Pimenta,

Prada,

Pires

et al. 2024

Veterinary Sciences

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Equine melanocytic tumors are common and have an unusual benign behavior with low invasiveness and metastatic rates. However, tumoral mass growth is usually a concern that can have life-threatening consequences. COX-2 is related to oncogenesis, promoting neoplastic cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of COX-2 in equine melanocytic tumors. Through extension and intensity of labeling, 39 melanocytomas and 38 melanomas were evaluated. Of the malignant tumors, 13.2% were negative and 63.2% presented a low COX-2 expression. Only 6 malignant tumors presented >50% of labeled cells, 18 malignant and 8 benign had an expression between 21 and 50%, 8 malignant and 3 benign tumors had an expression between 6 and 20%, 1 malignant tumor had an expression between 1 and 5%, and 5 malignant and 28 benign tumors had no expression. Malignant tumors showed higher COX-2 expression than did benign tumors, with statistically significant differences. The low levels of COX-2 may be one of the molecular reasons for the presence of expansive mass growth instead of the invasive pattern of other species, which is related to high COX-2 levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Expression in Equine Melanocytic Tumors

Pimenta,

Prada,

Pires

et al. 2024

Veterinary Sciences

Self Cite

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Therapeutic Potential of Silver Nitroprusside Nanoparticles for Melanoma

Londhe,

Tripathy,

Saha

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Bio Mater.

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Melanoma has gained considerable attention due to its high mortality and morbidity rate worldwide. The currently available treatment options are associated with several limitations such as nonspecificity, drug resistance, easy clearance, low efficacy, toxicity-related issues, etc. To this end, nanotechnology has garnered significant attention for the treatment of melanoma. In the present manuscript, we have demonstrated the in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity of silver nitroprusside nanoparticles (abbreviated as AgNNPs) against melanoma. The AgNNPs exhibit cytotoxicity against B16F10 cells, which has been investigated by several in vitro experiments including [methyl 3 H]thymidine incorporation assay, cell cycle and apoptosis analysis by flow cytometry, and ROS generation through DCFDA, DHE, and DAF2A reagents. Further, the internalization of nanoparticles was determined by ICPOES analysis, while their colocalization was analyzed by confocal microscopy. Additionally, JC-1 staining is performed to examine mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Cytoskeleton integrity was observed by phalloidin staining. Expression of different markers (Ki-67, cytochrome c, and E-cadherin) was checked using an immunofluorescence assay. The in vivo therapeutic efficacy of AgNNPs has been validated in the melanoma model established by inoculating B16F10 cells into the dorsal right abdomen of C57BL/6J mice. The intraperitoneal administration of AgNNPs reduced melanoma growth and increased the survivability of tumor-bearing mice. The in vivo immunofluorescence studies (Ki-67, CD31, and E-cadherin) and TUNEL assay support the inhibitory and apoptotic nature of AgNNPs toward melanoma, respectively. Furthermore, the various signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms involved in anticancer activity are evaluated by Western blot analysis. These findings altogether demonstrate the promising anticancer potential of AgNNPs toward melanoma.

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