Equine ocular anatomy and ophthalmic examination

Carastro, Susan M.

doi:10.1016/j.cveq.2004.04.013

Cited by 32 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In cases 2 and 7, IOPs of the affected eyes were within a normal range although differences from the contralateral eyes were remarkable. Also in cases 2, 5, and 7, IOPs of normal contralateral eyes deviated from the normal range [6]. These facts would also be good examples to support the importance of comparing IOPs of two eyes in each individual.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Increased availability of applanation tonometers has made it easier to measure IOP in equine practice to diagnose and to select and/or determine the effect of re g im en of th er ap y for gl a ucoma [3,6,25 ]. Applanation tonometry is also performed to evaluate effects of drugs on IOP in horses [14, 15, 21-24, 28, 29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IOPs between 16 and 30 mmHg were considered normal, and variations greater than 5 mmHg were considered abnormal [6]. Results of first tonometry in the 9 horses were compared between uveitic and normal contralateral eyes by the use of Wilcoxon t-test.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IOP in veterinary medicine has become readily measured since the introduction of applanation tonometers [6]. IOP is reported to be affected in diseases such as glaucoma and uveitis in dogs [7,11].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes of Intraocular Pressure in Uveitic Horses

Wada

2006

JES

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes of Intraocular Pressure in Uveitic Horses

Wada

2006

JES

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“…The tranquillizing effects of acepromazine was due to the blocking of the central post synaptic dopamine D2 receptor in the fore brain, basal ganglia, chemoreceptor trigger zone, hypothalamus and peripherally blocks cholinergic, histaminergic and adrenergic receptors as well (Baldessarini, 1996 andGross, 2001). Xylazine is popularly used as a preanaesthetic agent produced safe, reliable, sedation within three to eight minutes following intravenous administration at the dose rate of 1.1mg/kg body weight (Carastro, 2004 andSankar et al, 2010) and mean duration of sedation lasted up to 36 minutes (Hoffman, 1974). The sedation was characterised by lowering the head and drooping of eyelids and lips (Hewes et al, 2007).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analgesic and adjunct actions of nalbuphine hydrochloride in xylazine or xylazine and acepromazine premedicated horses

Kulkarni

William

George

et al. 2015

IJAR

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The study was conducted in eighteen clinical cases of horses for diagnostic and surgical procedures requiring general anaesthesia were randomly divided into three groups, group I, group II and group III, each consisting of six cases. All the horses were premedicated with glycopyrrolate at the dose rate of 0.02 mg/kg body weight, intravenously. Horses in Group I and Group II were administered xylazine hydrochloride at the dose rate of 1.10 mg/kg body weight intravenously, whereas in Group III at the dose rate of 0.50 mg/kg body weight intravenously. In Group III, acepromazine was injected after xylazine administration, at the dose rate of 0.02mg/kg body weight, intravenously. Before induction of anaesthesia, nalbuphine hydrochloride was administered for Group II and Group III at the dose rate of 0.75 mg/kg body weight intravenously. Ketamine hydrochloride was administered intravenously to induce anaesthesia at the dose rate of 2.20 mg/kg body weight and maintained with 0.50 mg/kg body weight in required cases to maintain for duration of 15 ± 1.04 minutes. The mean time for induction in group I, group II and group III were 1.78 ± 0.27, 1.73 ± 0.10 and 1.85 ± 0.28 minutes respectively. The mean total number of additional doses of ketamine for standard duration of 15 ± 1.04 minutes surgery required in group I, group II and group III were 5.00 ± 0.36, 1.66 ± 0.33 and 2.00 ± 0.36 respectively. The quality of induction was 100 per cent smooth in group III, 83.33 per cent smooth and 16.67 per cent rough in group II and 66.66 per cent smooth and 33.34 per cent rough in group I. The quality of analgesia in group I, group II and group III were 2.83 ± 0.47, 1.83 ± 0.30 and 1.33 ± 0.21 respectively. The quality of muscle relaxation in group I, group II and group III were 3.16 ± 0.30, 1.50 ± 0.22 and 1.33 ± 0.21 respectively. The mean time for recovery in group I, group II and group III were 23.00 ± 1.52, 33.00 ± 0.93 and 41.98 ± 1.32 minutes respectively. The mean number of attempts for unassisted standing in group I, group II and group III were 6.66 ± 0.71, 5.00 ± 0.57 and 5.00 ± 0.36 respectively. The quality of recovery was 83.33 per cent smooth and 16.67 per cent rough in group III, 66.66 per cent smooth and 33.34 per cent rough in group II and 50.00 per cent smooth and 50.00 per cent rough in group I. None of the animals in any groups showed any intra and post operative complication.

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Embryology and Anatomy of the Equine Eye

Martins,

Galera

2024

Equine Neonatal Medicine

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Equine ocular anatomy and ophthalmic examination

Cited by 32 publications

References 2 publications

Changes of Intraocular Pressure in Uveitic Horses

Changes of Intraocular Pressure in Uveitic Horses

Analgesic and adjunct actions of nalbuphine hydrochloride in xylazine or xylazine and acepromazine premedicated horses

Embryology and Anatomy of the Equine Eye

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