Equine Ocular Examination and Treatment Techniques

Dwyer, Ann E.; Henriksen, Michala Linde

doi:10.1002/9781119782285.ch1

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 222 publications

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“…All horses in this study received a complete ophthalmic examination by a board‐certified ophthalmologist. All horses received an auriculopalpebral nerve block with 1–2 mL of lidocaine 2% injectable solution (VetOne®) prior to examination 14 . The ophthalmic examinations consisted of a complete neuro‐ophthalmic examination including menace response, palpebral reflex, dazzle reflex, and indirect and direct pupillary light reflex.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All horses received an auriculopalpebral nerve block with 1-2 mL of lidocaine 2% injectable solution (VetOne®) prior to examination. 14 The ophthalmic examinations consisted of a complete neuro-ophthalmic examination including menace response, palpebral reflex, dazzle reflex, and indirect and direct pupillary light reflex. The adnexa and anterior segment were examined with slit-lamp biomicroscopy (SL-17; Kowa Company Ltd.), and the posterior segment was examined with indirect ophthalmoscopy using a 2.2D and/or 28D condensing lens (Volk) and binocular headset (Keeler Vantage; Keeler Instruments, Inc.).…”

Section: Animals Studiedmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The use of shotgun label‐free quantitative proteomic mass spectrometry to evaluate the inflammatory response in aqueous humor from horses with uveitis compared to ophthalmologically healthy horses

Terhaar

Henriksen

Mehaffy

et al. 2023

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to use shotgun label‐free tandem mass spectrometry (LF‐MS/MS) to evaluate aqueous humor (AH) from horses with uveitis (UH) compared to ophthalmologically healthy horses (HH).Animals StudiedTwelve horses diagnosed with uveitis based on ophthalmic examination and six ophthalmologically healthy horses (postmortem) purchased for teaching purposes.ProceduresAll horses received a complete ophthalmic examination and physical exam. Aqueous paracentesis was performed on all horses and AH total protein concentrations were measured with nanodrop (TPn) and refractometry (TPr). AH samples were analyzed with shotgun LF‐MS/MS and proteomic data were compared between groups using Wilcoxon rank‐sum test.ResultsA total of 147 proteins were detected, 11 proteins had higher abundance in UH, and 38 proteins had lower abundance in UH. Proteins with higher abundance included apolipoprotein E, alpha‐2‐macroglobulin (A2M), alpha‐2‐HS‐glycoprotein, prothrombin, fibrinogen, complement component 4 (C4), joining chain for IgA and IgM, afamin, and amine oxidase. There were positive correlations between TPn (p = .003) and TPr (p = .0001) compared to flare scores.ConclusionDifferential abundance of A2M, prothrombin, fibrinogen, and C4 indicate upregulation of the complement and coagulation cascade in equine uveitis. Proinflammatory cytokines and the complement cascade have potential as therapeutic targets for equine uveitis.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Animals Studiedmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of shotgun label‐free quantitative proteomic mass spectrometry to evaluate the inflammatory response in aqueous humor from horses with uveitis compared to ophthalmologically healthy horses

Terhaar

Henriksen

Mehaffy

et al. 2023

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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“…Lowering IOP is currently the only effective method for treating glaucoma [2] , making the accuracy of tonometer measurement crucial. In clinical practice, non-contact tonometers and rebound tonometers are commonly utilized, with rebound tonometers gaining popularity due to their advantageous features such as compact size, light weight, portability, and the ability to measure IOP in the supine position [3] [4] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploration of the transfer standard device for rebound tonometer

Xue,

Liu,

Hong

et al. 2023

Optics in Health Care and Biomedical Optics XIII

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The rebound tonometer is commonly used for measuring intraocular pressure in children and patients with limited mobility due to its small size, portability, and non-invasive nature. In order to ensure the accuracy of its measurements, ISO 8612:2009 "Ophthalmic instruments -Tonometers" mandates that it undergo a clinical human eye comparison test against the Goldmann tonometer, which is considered the "gold standard" for intraocular pressure measurement. Additionally, a transfer standard device is required to assess the consistency of measurements across similar tonometer products. These transfer standard devices, known as simulated eyes, mimic the structure of the human eye to varying degrees of complexity depending on the specific tonometer being tested. This paper presents several solutions for rebound tonometer transfer standard device, including a water column simulated eye, a discrete rubber simulated eye, and a PDMS pressure-adjustable simulated eye.The design principles and pressure regulation of each simulated eye are described. Furthermore, tests are conducted using two different brands of rebound tonometers, and the measurement results are compared. It is important to note that each simulated eye has its own advantages and disadvantages due to its inability to fully replicate all parameters of the human eye. Addressing issues such as traceability and the aging effect of materials is crucial in improving the accuracy and reliability of these simulated eyes.

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Comparing the effects of intraocular pressure and tear production measurements in horses in two different environments: Horse stable and medical barn

Cinar,

Yanmaz,

Buyukkaraca

et al. 2024

Equine Veterinary Journal

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BackgroundTo date, there are no studies on the impact of two distinct environments—one familiar to the horse and another unfamiliar—on intraocular pressure (IOP) and tear production.ObjectivesTo compare the measured IOP and tear production values in horses between a horse stable and a medical barn.Study designCross‐over.MethodsThirty healthy male Arabian horses, aged 6.88 ± 3.34 years were used. IOP and tear production measurements were assessed in both the horse stable and the medical barn, with a paired Student's t‐test and Bland–Altman analysis conducted for comparison and agreement, respectively.ResultsA significant increase in IOP was observed in the medical barn (34.2 ± 6.8 mmHg) compared with the horse stable (29.5 ± 7.2 mmHg, p = 0.02). However, no statistically significant difference in tear production was found between horse stable (22.1 ± 2.8 mm/min) and medical barn (23.6 ± 3.4 mm/min) (p = 0.09). The standard error of the slope was 0.36 for the IOP measured in the medical barn, indicating a difference of −4.7 mmHg compared with the IOP measured in the horse stable (p = 0.02). The bias was fitted to y = −7.9350 + 0.1003x. The standard error of the slope was 0.39 for the tear production measured in the medical barn, indicating a difference of −1.5 mm/min compared with the tear production measured in the horse stable (p = 0.09). The bias was fitted to y = 6.1530 + −0.3367x.Main limitationsThe absence of horses with ocular disorders and an assessment of the potential impact of transportation.ConclusionsA notable increase in IOP was observed in the medical barn compared with the horse stable, while tear production exhibited no significant variance between the two environments. The Bland–Altman analysis highlighted a discrepancy in IOP measurements in the horse stable, emphasising the potential influence of the environment on ocular parameters in horses.

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Equine Ocular Examination and Treatment Techniques

Cited by 3 publications

References 222 publications

The use of shotgun label‐free quantitative proteomic mass spectrometry to evaluate the inflammatory response in aqueous humor from horses with uveitis compared to ophthalmologically healthy horses

The use of shotgun label‐free quantitative proteomic mass spectrometry to evaluate the inflammatory response in aqueous humor from horses with uveitis compared to ophthalmologically healthy horses

Exploration of the transfer standard device for rebound tonometer

Comparing the effects of intraocular pressure and tear production measurements in horses in two different environments: Horse stable and medical barn

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