Equine parvovirus hepatitis

Abstract

Equine parvovirus hepatitis (EqPV-H) was first described in 2018 in a fatal case of Theiler's disease which followed the administration of an equine-origin biological product.

First Clinical Case of Equine Parvovirus-Hepatitis-Related Theiler’s Disease in Asia

“…Theiler's disease (TD), also known as equine serum hepatitis, is an important causative agent in fulminant hepatitis in horses [1]. TD transmission is usually associated with the inoculation of contaminated equine biological products such as tetanus antitoxin, and experimental oral transmission with viremic serum was recently demonstrated [2][3][4][5][6][7].…”

“…Since 2011, the following four viruses have been identified as candidate etiologic agents of TD using the advanced unbiased deep sequencing technique: equine hepacivirus (EqHV), equine pegivirus (EPgV), TD-associated virus (TDAV), and equine parvovirushepatitis (EqPV-H) [8][9][10][11]. However, after the discovery of EqPV-H in 2018, EqPV-H was detected in most clinical cases of TD [2]. Additionally, several consecutive studies conducted in the USA showed that 27 out of 28 (96.4%) of the clinical TD cases were positive for EqPV-H and the results experimentally demonstrated hepatotropism and the clinical correlation of EqPV-H with TD [3][4][5][6].…”

“…An original study sample of TDAV infection involved EqPV-H coinfection [11], and both EPgV and TDAV have been shown to be not hepatotropic and are not associated with hepatitis [12]. EqHV is related to the development of chronic hepatitis; however, reports of clinical cases of EqHV-associated TD are scarce, and only one severe hepatopathy case showed that EqHV caused hepatitis [2,13]. In view of this, EqPV-H is currently considered as a major etiologic agent of TD [2,4,11].…”

“…EqHV is related to the development of chronic hepatitis; however, reports of clinical cases of EqHV-associated TD are scarce, and only one severe hepatopathy case showed that EqHV caused hepatitis [2,13]. In view of this, EqPV-H is currently considered as a major etiologic agent of TD [2,4,11].…”

“…The clinical significance of EqPV-H in liver diseases varies from subclinical to acute severe hepatitis and liver failure [2,4]. A recent study also revealed that persistent infection with EqPV-H over five years caused chronic viremia in subclinical horses [14].…”