Equine recurrent uveitis: A review of clinical assessment and management

Allbaugh, Rachel A.

doi:10.1111/eve.12548

Cited by 25 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) is widely recognized as an immune-mediated disease characterized either by recurrent bouts of ocular inflammation separated by variable periods of quiescence (lack of detectable ocular signs associated with active inflammation) or low-grade, persistent inflammation [1–3]. The cornerstone of treatment for ERU consists of local immunosuppression or immune-modulation in conjunction with systemic anti-inflammatory treatment [4–7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to medical therapy, there are two widely utilized surgical procedures, cyclosporine suprachoroidal implants (CSI) and pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), that are routinely performed to treat horses with ERU [8–14]. Implantation of a CSI has been proven to be an effective means of controlling uveitis in horses responsive to prior medical therapy [3, 8, 13, 15]. However, because their legal importation into Europe is restricted to academic institutions for specific use in ongoing research, the use of CSI is severely limited on this continent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intravitreal injection of low-dose gentamicin for the treatment of recurrent or persistent uveitis in horses: Preliminary results.

Fischer

McMullen

Reese³

et al. 2019

BMC Vet Res

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BackgroundDespite appropriate medical therapy, many horses with equine recurrent uveitis continue to suffer from recurrent bouts of inflammation. Surgical intervention via the pars plana vitrectomy or suprachoroidal cyclosporine implant placement may control and/or prevent recurrences, however, these procedures may be contraindicated, unavailable, or declined by an owner. Thus, an effective adjunctive treatment option may help to improve the clinical outcomes in those situations. There are several anecdotal reports on the use of intravitreal gentamicin injections, but to date, no data evaluating the complication rate and/or treatment effect following this treatment have been published. Thus, the aim of this prospective study was to describe the intravitreal gentamicin injection technique, describe the associated peri-injection (within 24 h) and post-injection (30 to 780 days) complications, and to report the effects of the injection on the clinical signs of uveitis. Additionally, evaluation of the systemic and ocular Leptospira-status, and its effect on the treatment outcome was performed. A total of 86 horses of various ages, breeds, and gender presenting with recurrent or persistent uveitis were treated via intravitreal injection of 4 mg of undiluted gentamicin (0.04 ml, Genta 100, 100 mg/ml in 35 horses) or preservative-free gentamicin (0.05 ml, 80 mg/ml in 52 horses) under sedation and local anesthesia. All 86 horses were observed for immediate peri-injection and post-injection complications. Response to therapy was evaluated in 59 of the 86 horses (follow-up: 30 to 780 days).ResultsPeri-injection complications consisted of subconjunctival (26/86; 30.2%) or intracameral hemorrhage (4/86; 4.7%); both of which completely resolved within 5 days. Post-injection complications consisted of cataract formation/maturation (5/59 horses, 8.5%) and diffuse retinal degeneration (3/59 eyes 5.1%). The majority of horses 52/59 (88.1%) with a minimum follow-up period of 30 days were controlled (absence of recurrent or persistent inflammation) at their last recheck examination. Recurrent inflammation was documented in 5/59 (8.5%) horses and persistent inflammation was diagnosed in 2/59 (3.4%) horses.ConclusionsIntravitreal injection of low-dose gentamicin shows promise at controlling different types and stages of uveitis. The ability of intravitreal injections of low-dose gentamicin (4 mg) to control persistent and recurrent inflammation warrants further investigation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intravitreal injection of low-dose gentamicin for the treatment of recurrent or persistent uveitis in horses: Preliminary results.

Fischer

McMullen

Reese³

et al. 2019

BMC Vet Res

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“…Including diagnostic tests to identify intraocular Leptospira spp. in ERU-affected eyes is currently recommended as this might help to determine the therapeutic management [2,17,[19][20][21][22]. Blood serology alone is not a reliable test [10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of intraocular Leptospira spp. by real‐time polymerase chain reaction in horses with recurrent uveitis in Belgium

Sauvage

Monclin

Elansary

et al. 2018

Equine Veterinary Journal

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“…Equine recurrent uveitis (synonym moon blindness) is a frequent cause of blindness in horses that is accompanied with angiogenesis in the cornea (Figure 5). Amongst others, leptospirosis has been implicated as an infectious cause (review see Allbaugh, 2017). The disease serves as a model for human uveitis, where, in a similar fashion, T lymphocytes target retinal proteins (Zipplies et al., 2010).…”

Section: Angiogenesis Research In Equine Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endothelial cells and angiogenesis in the horse in health and disease—A review

Rieger

Kaessmeyer

Masri

et al. 2020

Anat Histol Embryol

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The cardiovascular system is the first functional organ in the embryo, and its blood vessels form a widespread conductive network within the organism. Blood vessels develop de novo, by the differentiation of endothelial progenitor cells (vasculogenesis) or by angiogenesis, which is the formation of new blood vessels from existing ones. This review presents an overview of the current knowledge on physiological and pathological angiogenesis in the horse including studies on equine endothelial cells. Principal study fields in equine angiogenesis research were identified: equine endothelial progenitor cells; equine endothelial cells and angiogenesis (heterogeneity, markers and assessment); endothelial regulatory molecules in equine angiogenesis; angiogenesis research in equine reproduction (ovary, uterus, placenta and conceptus, testis); angiogenesis research in pathological conditions (tumours, ocular pathologies, equine wound healing, musculoskeletal system and laminitis). The review also includes a table that summarizes in vitro studies on equine endothelial cells, either describing the isolation procedure or using previously isolated endothelial cells. A particular challenge of the review was that results published are fragmentary and sometimes even contradictory, raising more questions than they answer. In conclusion, angiogenesis is a major factor in several diseases frequently occurring in horses, but relatively few studies focus on angiogenesis in the horse. The challenge for the future is therefore to continue exploring new therapeutic angiogenesis strategies for horses to fill in the missing pieces of the puzzle.

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Equine recurrent uveitis: A review of clinical assessment and management

Cited by 25 publications

References 73 publications

Intravitreal injection of low-dose gentamicin for the treatment of recurrent or persistent uveitis in horses: Preliminary results.

Intravitreal injection of low-dose gentamicin for the treatment of recurrent or persistent uveitis in horses: Preliminary results.

Detection of intraocular Leptospira spp. by real‐time polymerase chain reaction in horses with recurrent uveitis in Belgium

Endothelial cells and angiogenesis in the horse in health and disease—A review

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